摘要
信访，是我国在社会经济发展过程中产生的一个具有中国特色的产物。不可否认，信访作为一种兼具民主监督与权利救济双重功能的行为方式，也在我国法治进程中画上了浓墨重彩的一笔。由于历史的原因，信访与政治、司法错综复杂的关系，催生了披着政治与法律双重外衣的渉诉信访，成为了涵盖国计民生和社会稳定的重大问题。随着中国共产党十八届三中全会和十二届全国人民代表大会二次会议的相继召开，国家也陆陆续续出台了一系列调整和规制信访行为的制度，最大的亮点就是提出了诉访分离，将涉诉信访纳入法治轨道内解决。如今，涉诉信访已经基本从一般的信访工作中分离，诉讼与信访也将各行其道，各司其职。分离后的信访作为群众参与社会公共事务管理、表达和维护自身合法权益的重要途径，也逐渐回归其原本的功能定位。对此，借诉访分离的契机对信访制度未来发展的剖析与研究则更具有现实意义，也更符合我国的实际情况。
本文试图从法学理论的角度，以诉访分离为切入点，深入挖掘背后的法理基础，并结合信访工作实践中所应明确和落实的事项进行总结和归纳，从而针对信访制度未来的发展方向提供可行性意见。
从文章的结构上来看，本文主要由四部分构成：第一部分主要进行信访制度与法治基本问题的概述，列举了并对比信访制度与法治关系的两种观点得到启示，信访制度应该在法治视野下发展；第二部分主要是结合信访制度实际，选取分析诉访分离和规范越级上访行为两个方面挖掘其背后的法治内涵；第三部分主要根据法治改造后的信访功能的完善，明确界定信访的范围和性质，力求让信访回到应处的位置；第四部分主要探讨信访与法治契合的路径，通过研究信访与行政复议、行政诉讼等制度的衔接和协调，对信访制度逐步法治化、规范化提出的合理化建议。
关键词：法治诉访分离信访信访制度
ABSTRACT
Petition is a product of Chinese characteristics emerged in the socialand^economic development of Chinarlt is not denied that petMon7 as a-way of democratic supervision and right relief,plays an important role inthe process of China's rule by law. Due to some historical reasons, thecompleted relation between petition with policy and judiciary forces theproduction of the petition involved in lawsuit with political and legalcharacteristics, which becomes an important issue covering nationaleconomy, people's livelihood and social stability. With the holding of the3rd Plenary Session of 18th CPC Central Committee and the 2ed Sessionof the 12th National People's Congress, China has introduced a series ofinstitutions adjusting and regulating the petition, among which, thehighlight is the proposal of the separation of lawsuit and petition,bringing the petition involved in lawsuit into the rule of law.
Basing on the separation of lawsuit and petition, this thesis try toprovide feasible suggestions for fiiture development of petition byprofoundly exploring its legal and theoretical foundation from theperspective of law as well as making summarization and conclusioncombining the reality in petition practice.
Structurally, this thesis consists of four parts: The first part is theoverview of the inter-relate studies between petition system and the ruleof law, by enumerating two opinions about the relations between petitionsystem and rule of law, for concluding that the petition system should bedeveloped in the vision of rule of law. The second mainly combines thepractice of the petition system which includes tiie separation of lawsuitand petition and the prohibition of violent obstacles on petition, forexploring the connotation of rule of law. The third part is clearly definedthe scope and nature of the petition which is on the basis of improvingpetition system after the separation of lawsuit and petition, for letting thepetition back the situation it should be. The fourth part discusses the wayto combine petition with rule of law and makes suggestion for thelegislation and normalization of petition by researching the connectionand coordination of petition with administrative reconsideration andadministrative litigation.
Key words: Rule of Law ; The Separation of Lawsuit and Petition;Petition; Petition System
目录
摘要
ABSTRACT
前言
第一章 基本问题分析
1.1法治的概述
1.1.1亚里士多德的法治思想
1.1.2 先秦法家的法制思想
1.1.3当代中国的法治
1.2信访制度的历史源流
1. 2.1产生信访制度的原因
1. 2. 2信访制度的形成与发展
1. 3法治与信访制度的关系
1.3.1冲突论：法治进程中信访制度须废除
1.3. 2协调论：法治进程中信访制度须保留
1. 3. 3客观看待信访制度与法治的关系
第二章法治对信访制度的雌
2.1实行诉访分离制度
2.1.1缘由：涉诉信访的“问题化”
2.1.2诉访分离的具体内容
2.1.3体现的法治理论基础
2.1.3.1权力分立
2.1.3.2司法独立
2.2规范越级上访行为
2.2.1缘由：越级上访的爆发
2.2.2规范越级上访行为的具体内容
2.2.2.1杜绝“拦卡堵截”正常上访
2.2.2.2依法引导逐级上访
第三章法治改造后信访制度的功能与定位
3.1改造后信访的功能回归
3.1.1政治参与
3.1.2利益表达
3.1.3权力监督
3.1.4权利救济
3.2明确信访的定位
3.2.1信访的范围：局限于行政领域内
3.2.2信访的性质：作为补充性的争议解决非诉手段
第四章信访制度与法治的契合
4.1信访制度与法治契合的核心原则
4.1.1权力与权利的协调
4.1.2法律效果与社会效果的统一
4.2信访制度与法治契合的实现路径
4.2.1制定《信访法》，提升信访的法律位阶
4.2.2行政诉讼制度与信访制度的合作
4.2.3行政复议制度与信访制度的衔接
4.2.4人大代表制度与信访制度的衔接
4.2.5完善信访机构职能配置
结语
参考文献
致谢
