摘要
履行抗辩权制度是合同法中一项重要法律制度，对于平衡当事人利益，促进合同履行以及市场的健康有序发展都具有重要意义。虽然我国《合同法》第66至68条规定了履行抗辩权，但在国际海上货物运输中，由于我国《海商法》对承运人的履行抗辩权问题没有相关规定，因此在实务操作与司法实践中经常存在争议与混乱。
本文针对国际海上货物运输实践中的争议，根据《合同法》第66至68条，《海商法》规定以及法理分析，主要讨论了承运人履行抗辩权的适用问题。
首先，本文通过对履行抗辩权的实质内涵的剖析，以及对法律适用的分析，肯定了履行抗辩权作为合同法上的概念在国际海上货物运输中适用的合理性和必要性。在此基础上，本文从概括和具体两个角度讨论承运人履行抗辩权的适用问题。
本文从概括的层面提出，承运人履行抗辩权的行使应当符合的原则或考虑的因素，如诚实信用，合理减损等；分析厘清海上货物运输承运人履行抗辩权的主体；并对在实践中容易与承运人履行抗辩权相混淆的相关概念与承运人履行抗辩权的关系进行辨析。
再从具体情况出发，讨论国际海上货物运输中不同具体情况下承运人履行抗辩权的具体适用问题；并对于实践中应用广泛并多发争议的相关多式联运与总包合同中承运人的履行抗辩权适用的特殊问题进行具体分析。
本文‘通过概括与具体，深入与归纳整理的分析讨论，希望能够辨明厘清海上货物运输合同中承运人的履行抗辩权问题，对海上货物运输实务操做起到指导和促进作用，更好的保护平衡当事人利益，减少争议，并对于司法实践中的争议解决有所裨益。
关键词：国际海上货物运输，承运人，履行抗辩权
ABSTRACT
The right of defence is an important legal system in contract law, which is of greatsignificance to the balance of the interest of parties and healthy and orderlydevelopment of the market. Although clause 66 to 68 of Chinese Contract Lawstipulate the right of defence. But in the international carriage of goods by sea,because there is no provision about the right of defence of the carrier in ChineseMaritime Law. Disputes and chaos often occur in operation and legal practice.
Aiming at the disputes in the international carriage of goods by sea, according to theclause 66 to 68 of Chinese Contract Law, Chinese Maritime Law and legal principleanalysis, this thesis mainly discusses the application of the right of defence of theearner.
Firstly,through the analysis of the connotaton of the right of defence and theapplication of law, this thesis affirms the reasonability and necessity of the applicationof the right of defence, as an concept in the contract law, in the international carriageof goods by sea.
On this basis,this thesis discusses the application of the right of defence of the carrierfrom general and specific perspectives.
In general, the application of the right of defence of the carrier should consider someprinciples, such as good faith and cutdown. This thesis also analyses the subjects ofthe right of defence of the carrier. And this thesis distinguishes the relationshipbetween the right of defence of the carrier and the relevant concepts.
From the specific circumstances, this thesis discusses the application of the right ofdefence of the carrier in different situations in the international carriage of goods bysea. And this thesis also talks about the special problems in international multimodaltransport and lump sum contracts, which are widely used and often of disputes.
Through general and specific, deep and inductive analysis, this thesis hopes todistinguish the issue of the right of defence of the carrier, guid the operation of thecarrige of goods by sea,protect the interest of the parties, reduce disputes and help thejurisdictons.
Key words: the international maritime transport of goods; carrier; the right ofdefence
目 录
引 言
第1章 履行抗辩权的内涵
1.1履行抗辩权的概念
1. 2履行抗辩权敝类
1.3履行抗辩权的性质
1.4履行抗辩权的适用条件
1. 5履行抗辩权的扩张和收缩
第2章 履行抗辩权可以适用于国际海上货物运输合同
2.1国际海上货物运输合同的法律适用
2. 1. 1国际海上货物运输合同法
2.1.2我国立法现状
2.2国际海上货物运输合同中的履行抗辩权
第3章 承运人的履行抗辩权
3.1实践争议
3.1.1案情简介
3. 1.2法院判决
3. 1.3法理分析
3.2承运人履行抗辩权行使的重要因素
3. 2. 1诚实信用
3. 2. 2合理减损
3. 2. 3牵连性和对价性
3. 2. 4合同的相对性
3. 2. 5航运实务的实际情况
3. 3承运人履行抗辩权的主体
3. 3. 1承运人
3. 3. 2实际承运人
3. 3. 3承运人与托运人、收货人之间的关系
3. 4承运人履行抗辩权与相关概念的冲突与协调
3. 4. 1承运人履行抗辩权与留置权
3. 4. 2承运人履行抗辩权与合同解除权
3.4. 3承运人履行抗辩权与损害赔偿请求权
第4章 国际海上货物运输合同中承运人履行抗辩权的行使
4.1在托运人未支付运费时的行使
4.1.1双方合同约定在货物装船后签发提单前支付运费
4.1.2双方约定在签发提单后支付运费的
4.1.3仅约定运费预付
4.1.4抵达卸货港支付运费
4.1.5交货时支付运费
4.1.6交货后支付运费
4.1. 7未明确约定运费支付时间
4. 2在托运人未履行其他义务时的行使
第5章 相关国际多式联运合同中承运人履行抗辩权的行使
5.1国际多式联运合同的识别
5.2国际多式联运合同中履行抗辩权的主体
5.3国际多式联运经营人的履行抗辩权
5.3.1多式联运经营人履行抗辩权的行使范围
5.3.2多式联运经营人履行抗辩权的行使方式
第6章 相关总包合同中承运人履行抗辩权的行使
6.1总包合同的内涵及法律适用
6. 2总包合同中承运人的履行抗辩权
6.2.1总包合同中承运人履行抗辩权的行使范围
6.2.2总包合同未约定付款事项的情形
6.2.3总包合同约定分批运费的情形
6. 2. 4总包合同约定包干价的情形
结 论
参考文献
致 谢
