摘 要
观念是所有制度构建的基础，一个时代的人性论影响着其法律制度的基本精神，而法律制度的精神与内涵对人性论的延续也起着能动的反作用。因此，我国的刑事证据制度传统与人性论之间也必然内含着相互呼应、相互作用的关系。
人性善恶问题是伦理道德准则的基本问题，也是人类思想的重要问题。在中国传统哲学中，对人性善恶的探讨已世代沿袭了两千多年。对一国刑事证据制度传统的理解并不能局限于制度本身，而应该是凭着对一个民族长期积累的民族精神与伦理道德准则的深入解读来合理地运用法律与刑事证据制度，来解决司法过程中的难题。因此对中国传统哲学中的人性善恶学说的预探就显得尤为重要。
证据制度是整个司法制度的核心内容，它贯穿于案件查明、诉讼、审判的始终，尤其是在刑事领域。中国的刑事证据制度，经历了朝代的更替，变动次数多，因此并无完整的体系。但是，由于中国特殊的历史背景，我国的刑事证据制度传统中仍然存在许多特殊的价值，对当代中国刑事证据制度的完善也有宝贵的借鉴作用。
法律是人类文明发展到一定阶段的产物。而人类的任何文明最终都将回归到对人性问题的研究中。从古至今人类社会的任何行为，无论表面上与人性相隔多远，它们最终都将回溯至人性。因此不论是刑事证据制度传统的价值追求、法律原则抑或是具体的法律规范、司法程序，人性论都是其设立的基础。中国刑事证据传统中崇尚“无讼”的刑事证据制度价值追求；亲亲相隐、干名犯义等维护伦理的刑事证据方法以及顺应人性的限制刑讯取证方法，无不体现了我国刑事证据制度传统与人性论的内在统一关系。但是，任何事物间的关系总是一体两面的。
在中国刑事证据制度流变的进程中，不乏出于肯定人性、保护伦理的目的而设立的刑事证据制度。同时，亦存在许多与人性相违背的刑事证据制度。其中最具有代表性的就是证人拒证权的缺失、证人保护制度的不完备以及刑讯逼供现象的泛滥。其与人性论间都存在冲突，根源就在于立法者未能对人性有完全的把握。
由于传统刑事证据制度与现今刑事证据制度在法律价值追求上具有继承性，因此传统中国刑事证据制度中对人性的关注与不足对于我国现今证据制度的完善也有着一定的借鉴意义。
关键词： 人性论；刑事证据制度传统；人证制度；刑讯逼供
ABSTRACT
Concept is the foundation of system's structure. The theory of human nature haseffect on the fundamental spirit of the legal system, while the fundamental spirit of thelegal system reacts to the continuation of the theory of human nature. This thesis mainlyfocus on the interaction between the Chinese criminal evidence system and the theory ofhuman nature at the same era.
Human nature is the basic problem of ethics, and also an important issue of humanthought. In the Chinese traditional philosophy, the discussion of human nature hasfollowed from generation to generation for about two thousand years. When we talkabout our traditional criminal evidence system, we cannot be limited to the system itself,the discussion should be combined with a long-term accumulation of national spirit andethics. Only in this way we can use the system of criminal evidence more reasonableand accurate.
The system of evidence is the core content of the judicial system, especially in thecriminal field. The Chinese criminal evidence system has experienced changes of somuch dynasties, thus there is no complete system. But, because of our special historicalbackground, there are numerous precious experiences in the Chinese criminal evidencesystem which we can learn from.
The law is the product of human civilization development. And any humancivilization will finally return to the problem of human nature. This paper studies therelationship between the Chinese criminal evidence system and the theory of humannature, the core point is that the human nature is the foundation of the Chinese criminalevidence system's value pursuit, specific legal norms and judicial procedure. Thesystems such as the concealment and the restriction of torture reflect the consistentrelationship between the criminal evidence system and the traditional theory of humannature. However, every coin has two sides. There are also some criminal evidencesystems go against the grain of human nature. Author will take the witness system andthe inquisition by torture as the object of analysis to demonstrate the conflict betweenthe criminal evidence system and the theory of human nature; seek for the root cause ofit in addition.
After we fully understand the content above, it becomes inevitable to seek for atheory of human nature which is in line with the modern rule of law. And such a thoughtof human nature is of great practical value to our current building of the criminalevidence system. Because there exists inheritance in the pursuit of law between thetraditional criminal evidence system and the present criminal evidence system.
Therefore, paying attention to the human nature of the traditional Chinese criminalevidence system has certain reference significance for improving our current evidencesystem.
Keywords: The theory of human nature; The tradition of criminal evidence system;The witness system; Inquisition by torture
目 录
第一章 绪 论
第一节 研究背景及意义
第二节 研究现状
第三节 研究方法与创新
第二章 中国传统人性论概述
第一节 “人性”的概念分析
第二节 中国传统人性善恶学说
第三节 人性善恶学说间的包容与继承
第三章 中国刑事证据制度传统
第一节 “刑事证据制度传统”一词的厘定
第二节 中国刑事证据制度传统的源流
第三节 中国刑事证据制度传统的基本内涵
第四章 中国刑事证据制度传统与人性论的统一
第一节 法律与人性的统一关系论证
第二节 无讼--崇尚“和谐”的刑事证据制度价值追求
第三节 亲亲相隐--维护伦理的刑事证据方法
第四节 限制刑讯--顺应人性的刑事取证方法
第五章 中国刑事证据制度传统与人性论的冲突
第一节 人证制度与人性论的冲突
第二节 刑讯逼供制度与人性论的冲突
第三节 当今刑事证据制度构建的启示
结 语
参考文献
致 谢
