摘 要
贫困现象，在世界普遍存在。我国是农业大国，农村贫困问题一定程度存在。改革开放以来，中国的农村贫困治理得到了长足进步，取得了令世界震惊的成绩。中国式扶贫有中国特色，扶贫的政策、手段相继经过了开发式扶贫、八七扶贫攻坚、综合性农村扶贫开发等阶段，从强调国家的主导性和主动性，逐渐注重发挥农民和第三方组织的参与性。
相对于西部偏远地区的农村的整体扶贫，东部经济发达省份、农业生产条件好的农村扶贫问题有其特殊性。相比而言，东部经济发达地区农村贫困的原因更多的是社会、经济等“后天”的因素，而不是自然、气候等“先天”的因素，贫困某种程度上呈现出复杂性、多样性，对东部地区农村的扶贫更应该统筹兼顾，将扶贫与现代农业相结合，通过扶贫激活农业、农村、农民的活力，通过扶贫项目引导农业、农副业、第三产业的融合发展。东部经济发达地区的农村扶贫更加要注重发挥政府、第三方组织、农民的作用，用治理理论指导扶贫实践，为西部扶贫创出经验。菏泽，位于东部经济发达省份，本身却是欠发达地区，农村贫困问题依然较为严重。
本文选取菏泽市为蓝本，在治理的视角下，对该市的农村扶贫问题进行了实地研究，首先从国内外扶贫理论和治理理论来分析，构建扶贫研究的理论基础。其次对菏泽市农村贫困现状进行了概括，对贫困群体、生活特征等方面进行了具体分析，对菏泽市农村扶贫工作现状进行了分析，概括了扶贫过程、成效、具体做法。再次对菏泽市农村扶贫过程中存在的问题及原因进行了分析，结合实际阐释了扶贫中存在的困境，用治理的视角从经济、农业、政府、第三方组织、农民分析了这种困境产生的具体原因。最后，在上述分析的基础上，提出了加快菏泽市农村扶贫进程的对策，具体为加快全市经济发展、大力推进农业现代化进程、发挥政府的主导作用、积极借助第三方组织的力量、发挥农民的能动性。经济的发展在推动工业化、城镇化、农业现代化发展的同时，为政府扶贫提供经济基础，提供了财力支持。农业现代化有利于直接改变农村贫穷落后的面貌，提高农民的生活水平。第三方组织有利于弥补政府扶贫的不足，提高了农村扶贫的针对性、精准性。农民的积极参与则是摆脱贫困的内因和根本动力，农民致富能力的增长，还有利于全面推进农业现代化步伐，释放农村市场活力，加快全市经济发展。
关键词：农村；扶贫；治理
Abstract
Poverty is widespread in the world. China is a large agricultural country, the rural povertyproblem exists certain degree. Since the reform and opening up, has made considerable progressChinese rural poverty governance, achieved the results shocked the world. China povertyalleviation has China characteristics, poverty alleviation policy, means one after another after thedevelopment oriented poverty, poverty alleviation, eight seven comprehensive rural povertyalleviation and development stages, from leading the stressed state and initiative, gradually to thepeasants and the third party pays attention to the participation of the change.
Compared with the western remote areas, agricultural production conditions are not goodoverall poverty rural areas, rural poverty problem is more developed provinces in eastern China,agricultural production conditions are good to its particularity. Compared with the developedeastern regions, rural poverty of complexity, diversity, the causes of poverty is more socialfactors, not natural, climatic factors, the eastern region of rural poverty alleviation should takestep back, should be more balanced, poverty eradication and modern agricultural industrycombining agriculture, rural, farmers, activation vitality through poverty alleviation, agriculture,agricultural and sideline, guide the fusion of third industrial development through povertyalleviation project. The eastern developed areas of rural poverty alleviation and more to payattention to the function of the government, the third party organizations, farmers' role, usingtheory to guide the practice of poverty alleviation for the western governance, poverty alleviationhit experience.
Heze, located in the eastern developed provinces, itself is less developed areas, ruralpoverty is still serious. This paper chooses Heze city as blueprint, in the governance of ruralpoverty, the city conducted a field study, first of all from the domestic and internationalanti-poverty theory and governance theory to analyze the theoretical basis of poverty alleviation,construction research. Secondly, summarized the poverty situation in rural areas of Heze City, onthe aspect of poverty population, life characteristics such as a detailed analysis of the currentsituation of Heze City, rural poverty is analyzed, summarized the poverty alleviation process,results, specific practices. Again on the existence of rural poverty alleviation in Heze city in theprocess of the problems and the causes were analyzed, combined with the actual explanation ofpoverty alleviation in the presence of predicament, from the economy, agriculture, government,third party organization of farmers, analysis of the specific reasons the difficulty arises with thegovernance perspective. Finally, on the basis of the above analysis, puts forward somecountermeasures for speeding up the process of rural poverty alleviation in Heze city toaccelerate the economic development of the city, specifically, to vigorously promote the processof agricultural modernization, play the leading role, the government actively using third partyorganization power, to play the initiative of farmers. The economic development in thepromotion of industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization development at the sametime, provide the economic base for the government poverty alleviation, provided financialsupport. The modernization of agriculture is conducive to directly change the poor and backwardrural areas, improve the standard of living of farmers. The third party organization helps make upfor the lack of the government's poverty alleviation, increases the specificity, accuracy of ruralpoverty alleviation. Active participation of the farmers is the internal cause and the fundamentalpower to get rid of poverty, the farmers become rich capacity growth, but also conducive to thecomprehensive promotion of agricultural modernization, the vitality of the release of the ruralmarket, to accelerate the economic development of the city.
Keywords: Rural; poverty; governance
目 录
摘 要…… I
ABSTRACT…… II
第 1 章 绪论…… 1
1.1 研究背景 …… 1
1.2 研究意义 …… 3
1.2.1 理论意义…… 3
1.2.2 现实意义…… 3
1.3 国内外研究综述 …… 4
1.3.1 国内研究综述 …… 4
1.3.2 国外研究综述 …… 6
1.4 研究方法与创新之处 …… 7
1.4.1 研究方法 …… 7
1.4.2 创新之处 …… 8
第 2 章 论文的相关概念与基本理论…… 9
2.1 贫困的含义与划分标准 …… 9
2.1.1 贫困的含义…… 9
2.1.2 贫困的划分标准 …… 10
2.2 扶贫的含义与中国扶贫的标准 …… 11
2.2.1 扶贫的含义 …… 11
2.2.2 中国扶贫的标准…… 11
2.3 治理等相关理论 …… 13
2.3.1 治理理论…… 13
2.3.2 多中心理论 …… 14
2.3.3 善治 …… 14
2.4 治理等相关理论对解决农村扶贫问题的意义 …… 15
2.4.1 扶贫现实变化需要更新扶贫理念…… 15
2.4.2 治理理论有助于加快中国农村扶贫进程…… 15
第 3 章 菏泽市农村扶贫工作现状分析…… 17
3.1 菏泽市基本情况 …… 17
3.1.1 菏泽市经济基本情况 …… 17
3.1.2 菏泽市农业基本情况 …… 17
3.2 菏泽市农村扶贫工作概述 …… 18
3.2.1 菏泽市农村扶贫工作历程 …… 18
3.2.2 菏泽市农村扶贫工作效果 …… 19
3.2.3 菏泽市农村扶贫工作的主要做法 …… 19
第 4 章 菏泽市农村扶贫工作存在的主要问题及成因分析 ……22
4.1 菏泽市农村扶贫工作存在的主要问题 …… 22
4.1.1 贫困发生率高，贫困现象较为普遍 …… 22
4.1.2“两区”扶贫任务较重…… 23
4.1.3 扶贫工作成果不牢固 …… 24
4.1.4 扶贫工作的难度有一定程度的增加 …… 25
4.2 菏泽市农村扶贫工作中存在主要问题的成因分析…… 26
4.2.1 菏泽市经济欠发达，财力支持能力弱 …… 26
4.2.2 菏泽市现代农业发展不充分，产出效益较低 …… 30
4.2.3 菏泽市政府的主导作用发挥不充分…… 32
4.2.4 菏泽市第三方组织扶贫作用发挥不明显 …… 33
4.2.5 菏泽市农民扶贫参与度偏低…… 35
第 5 章 加快菏泽市农村扶贫进程的对策 ……37
5.1 加快经济发展…… 37
5.2 大力推进农业现代化进程…… 39
5.3 发挥政府的主导作用…… 41
5.4 积极借助第三方组织的力量…… 43
5.5 发挥农民的能动性…… 44
结论与展望 ……48
参考文献 ……48
致 谢 ……49
