摘 要
近年来评论家对陈忠实的小说研究，大都关注的是长篇小说《白鹿原》，探讨了小说的思想内容与艺术形式，特别是主题、结构、女性形象等方面，而对其作品的空间问题很少有人谈及。本文主要采用福柯、韦斯利·A.科特等人的观点，探讨《白鹿原》中的空间形式，剖析空间叙事艺术和空间文化意蕴。
绪论部分主要梳理了《白鹿原》小说及空间理论的研究现状，并阐释了论文的选题缘起，研究思路及方法。
第一章古原风景。风景一直是陈忠实小说关注的重点。他的风景描写深受契诃夫、肖洛霍夫等俄罗斯作家的影响：在语言上，陈忠实采用一种简洁的语言描写方式。他很少赋予描写对象大量解释说明类的词语；句式上，陈忠实后期（1985 年之后）在描写景物时，仔细推敲每个字词，精简语言结构，选择最恰当的语言句式。除了句式上的变化，陈忠实为了在语言上追求简洁，他还尝试由描写语言过渡到叙述语言，将叙述与描写语言结合在一起，不仅能够承载下“已经难以再做舍弃的内容”,而且也体现了作者语言方式的灵活。在叙事功能方面，陈忠实笔下的风景依附于情节、调节叙事的节奏，参与叙事情感的营造。
第二章白鹿祠堂。陈忠实是在“寻根”文学的启示下寻找民族精神的特质的，祠堂就是《白鹿原》中传统文化的一个代表性意象。作者陈忠实对祠堂进行了具体形象的描写。关于小说中祠堂的空间布局，陈忠实并没有在小说中整体呈现出来，而是通过人物的行为、思想、语言展现出来。在叙事功能上，祠堂使小说中人物命运发生了转折，同时也是作者反思传统文化的一个载体。
第三章六棱塔。除了祠堂之外，六棱塔也是《白鹿原》一个重要的空间。陈忠实的《白鹿原》体现着互文性理论，小说中“六棱塔镇小娥”的情节设置，与“五四”时期被改编的神话故事“白蛇传”的主题、人物、情节有很大的相通性。“六棱塔”及小娥的形象体现了陈忠实思想深处的“五四”精神，也体现了陈忠实的思想矛盾性，一方面维护封建道德，创作了以朱先生、白嘉轩为代表的具有“仁义”道德的形象，另一方面又明显的遗传“五四”精神，即塑造了与白娘子具有同样精神气质的田小娥形象。
第四章艺术时空体及空间隐喻。小说中的时间和空间因素是同等重要、不能分割的统一体。因此在研究小说的空间时，不能不涉及时间因素。陈忠实在小说中对时间和空间的关系把握渐趋成熟，充分利用共时性的空间并置、空间中的时间记忆这一叙事方式，实践了巴赫金提出的“艺术时空体”的概念。
陈忠实正是把历史隐藏在自己所设置的空间之中。在这里，空间就是历史，在作品中有着独特的文化功能。
关键词：陈忠实 《白鹿原》 空间书写
Abstract
Chen zhongshi is a realist writer. In recent years, theoretical research on Chen zhongshi'snovel, mostly focused on the novel “ White Deer Plain ”, focus on the theme, artisticachievement, the characters in “ White Deer Plain ”, etc., and space of the works is very fewpeople talk about, or simply in this paper. So from the perspective of space to study Chenzhongshi novels is a feasible path. Aspects .lefebvre and foucault, this article USES Wesley a.walcott and others some of the ideas, according to the characteristic of Chen zhongshi noveldiscuss the novel space form, the analysis of spatial narrative art and cultural connotation.
The introduction part mainly combed the Chen zhongshi novel and the present researchon space theory, and explains the paper selected topic significance.
The first chapter natural scenery. Landscape has always been the focus of the Chenzhongshi novels. His depiction is under the influence of Chekhov, sholokhov Russian writer:
on language using a simple way of linguistic description, rarely gives its subject matter, a lotof words of explanation classes; Sentence make full use of syntactic expression on potential,choose the suitable sentence patterns, organization the most appropriate sentence structure,expresses the most appropriate meaning of sentences. In addition to the change of sentencepatterns, Chen zhongshi in pursuit of simplicity, he also tried to describe language intonarrative language, narrative and description language together. In terms of narrative features,Chen zhongshi's scenery on the plot itself, adjust the rhythm of narration, involved inemotional narrative construction.
The second chapter ancestral temple. Chen zhongshi is under the enlightenment of“root-searching literature” in search of the characteristics of the national spirit, the ancestraltemple is a representative of the traditional culture of \“white deer\” in imagery. The authorChen zhongshi concrete image of ancestral temple. About the ancestral hall in the novel spacelayout, Chen zhongshi did not show in the novel as a whole, but through the character'sbehavior, thought and language. In narrative function, ancestral temple make fate happensturning characters in the novel, is also the author reflect a carrier of traditional culture.
The third chapter tower. In addition to the natural scenery, tower is Chen zhongshi animportant space in the novel. Chen zhongshi's “ White Deer Plain ”, embodies the theory ofintertextuality, “six arrises tower town small moths” in the novel plot Settings, with the “May4th” period was adapted from fairy tales of “white snake” theme, plot, characters, there is a lotof similarities. The image of the “six arrises tower” and small moths embodies the “May 4th”spirit of Chen zhongshi deep thoughts, also embodies the thought of Chen zhongshicontradiction, on the one hand, the feudal ethics, created by zhu, Bai Jiaxuan with“righteousness” moral image, on the other hand, apparent genetic “May 4th” spirit, namelyshaped and the white niang son with the same spirit temperament Tian Xiaoe image.
The fourth chapter of space and time. Time is very important for the novel narrative. Soin the research of the novel space, without involving the time factor, also cannot abandonspace factors in study time. The time and space in the novel factors are equally important andindivisible unity. Chen zhongshi's novel in major festivals, will also clear marking time, butmore the story of time start-stop is unknown. Compared with the one story time, Chenzhongshi rather more interested in space, build a wide range of the space image. In the novelimage of the set is of space is the important embodiment of literature. And the space is not ageneral sense of space, is to be able to show the historical corner space. “ White Deer Plain ”at the same time and in time and space of parallel activities flow, performance space for time.
Key Words: Chen zhongshi <White deer plain> Narrative space
目 录
摘要
Abstract
绪论
第一章 古原风景
第一节 简约凝练的文本呈现方式
第二节 风景的叙事功能
一、服务情节，调节叙事节奏
二、叙事情感的营造
第二章 白鹿祠堂
第一节 祠堂的空间布局的呈现
第二节 祠堂的叙事功能
一、人物命运的转折
二 、文化的反思功能
第三章 六棱塔
第一节 “白蛇传”与《白鹿原》之间的互文
一、“白蛇传”溯源
二、“五四”时期被改编的“白蛇传”
第二节 人物性格的载体
一、被压之人：当代“白娘子”
二、设塔之人：朱先生、白嘉轩
第四章 艺术时空体及空间隐喻
第一节 空间和时间的关联
一 、空间中的时间记忆
二 、共时性的空间并置
第二节 空间的历史隐喻
结语
参考文献
后记
