墨子“兼爱”思想的当代意义解读

　　摘 要

　　习近平指出："中华民族历来崇尚‘和为贵’、‘和而不同’、‘协和万邦’、‘兼爱非攻’等理念。""兼爱"是人立身处世的准则，是社会和谐发展的保障，是国家繁荣富强的基石，是世界和平共荣的依托。"兼爱"思想展现出墨子一生"摩顶放踵利天下"的人生追求，在国家、社会和个人层面所传达出的价值导向与社会主义核心价值观具有内在契合性。这种"爱无差、利万民"的思想在当下具有鲜活生命力和时代价值。因此，应当在整理和凝练"兼爱"思想精神要义的基础上，赋予其新的时代内涵，创新其表达方式，促进"兼爱"思想与当代中国文化的融合与发展，使之转化为适应现代社会发展的价值观，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦、构建和谐世界提供精神指引。

　　主要运用文献研究法和比较分析法对墨子"兼爱"思想进行研究，从"兼爱"思想的形成入手，通过论述"兼爱"思想的形上依据、主要内容和基本特点，发掘其蕴含的当代价值。第一部分为绪论，论述了选题背景、研究的理论及实践意义，并对墨子"兼爱"思想的国内研究成果和国外研究状况进行论述和总结，并简述研究方法、拟创新点及不足之处。第二部分论述了墨子"兼爱"思想的形成，从历史背景和理论渊源两大方面进行分析。其历史背景包括经济上铁器牛耕的变革，井田瓦解，生产发展；政治上诸侯攻伐，赋役沉重，民不聊生；文化上官师分离，文化繁荣，百家争鸣三个方面。其理论渊源来自上古三代圣王"兼爱天下"之治道、儒家"爱人利民"之观念和道家"天地不仁"之思想。第三部分主要论述墨子"兼爱"思想的精神要义，从形上依据、主要内容和基本特点三方面展开。其形上依据包括"天志"、"明鬼"、"非命",主要内容包括"爱无厚薄"、"相爱相利"、"爱利天下",最后概述了"兼爱"思想平等性、爱利合一和理想化的特点。第四部分是在上述理论研究基础上挖掘并展开的，将墨子"兼爱"思想所蕴含的价值取向与社会主义核心价值观相联系，论述其与核心价值观的内在契合性。

　　关键词：墨子；"兼爱"思想；现代价值；核心价值观

　　ABSTRACT

　　Xi Jin-ping pointed out that the Chinese people have always advocate "harmony","harmony without uniformity", "harmony between countries", "universal love withoutattack" and so on. "Universal love" is the rule of conducting, the guarantee of theharmonious development of society, the cornerstone of national prosperity and the world'speace and co-prosperity. "Universal love" is the pursuit of Mozi in his all lifetime thatconveys the value orientation which has intrinsic conjunction nature with the socialist corevalues in the level of country, society and individual. This kind of thought "love with nodifference within all the people" also has a fresh vitality and time value in the moment.

　　Therefore, it should be given the new connotation of the time and innovated the expressionon the basis of finishing and concise the idea of "universal love", so as to promote the ideaof "universal love" with the integration and development of contemporary Chinese culture,and make it into a adapt to the development of modern society in order to achieve theChinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and build a harmoniousworld.

　　Mainly use literature research method and comparative analysis method to study inthe "universal love" of Mozi. From the formation of "universal love", discuss themetaphysical basis of "universal love", main contents and basic characteristics in order toexplore its contemporary value. The first part is the introduction that elaborates theselected topic background, the research of theoretical and practical significance, theresearch achievements on Mozi's thought of "universal love" in domestic and foreigncountries, the research method, innovation points and deficiencies. The second partdiscusses the formation of Mozi's thought of "universal love" from the historicalbackground and theoretical origins. Its historical change includes iron oxen-led, collapse ofJingtian and development of production in economy, warfare attack, heavy service inpolitics, the separation of governmental and private culture and cultural prosperity. Itstheory originates from ancient kings, Confucianism and the Taoism. The third part mainlydiscusses the main spirit of Mozi's thought of "universal love" from the metaphysical basis,main contents and basic characteristics. The metaphysical basis includes "will of God","existence of ghosts" and "against destiny". The main content includes "love withoutthickness", "love with each other" and "love the world". Finally, it summarizescharacteristics of the idea of "universal love". The fourth part is based on the theoreticalresearch all above. It connects the idea of "universal love" with the socialist core valuesand expounds the inherent conjunction.

　　KEYWORDS: Mozi; the idea of "universal love"; the socialist core values; modernvalues
 

　　目 录

　　绪 论

　　第一节 研究背景与研究意义

　　一、研究背景

　　二、研究意义

　　第二节 国内外研究现状

　　一、国内研究现状

　　二、国外研究现状

　　第三节 研究方法与创新点

　　一、研究方法

　　二、拟创新点

　　三、不足之处

　　第一章 墨子"兼爱"思想的形成

　　第一节 "兼爱"思想产生的历史背景

　　一、铁器牛耕，井田瓦解，生产发展

　　二、诸侯攻伐，赋役沉重，民不聊生

　　三、官师分离，文化繁荣，百家争鸣

　　第二节 "兼爱"思想的理论渊源

　　一、圣王"兼爱天下"之治道

　　二、儒家"爱人利民"之观念

　　三、道家"天地不仁"之思想

　　第二章 墨子"兼爱"思想的精神要义

　　第一节 "兼爱"思想的形上依据

　　一、以"天志"立"兼爱"

　　二、以"明鬼"保"兼爱"

　　三、以"非命"促"兼爱"

　　第二节 "兼爱"思想的主要内容

　　一、"爱无厚薄"

　　二、"相爱相利"

　　三、"爱利天下"

　　第三节 "兼爱"思想的特点

　　一、平等性

　　二、爱利合一

　　三、理想化

　　第三章 墨子"兼爱"思想的现代价值

　　第一节 契合"富强、民主、文明、和谐"的发展目标

　　一、"国富财足、甲兵强"之富强

　　二、"尚贤事能、遵道利民"之民主

　　三、"爱利万民、兼爱天下"之文明

　　四、"刑政治、万民和"之和谐

　　第二节 契合"自由、平等、公正、法治"的价值取向

　　一、"饥食寒衣病侍丧葬"之自由

　　二、"人无幼长贵贱"之平等

　　三、"均分赏贤罚暴"之公正

　　四、"天下之明法"之法治

　　第三节 契合"爱国、敬业、诚信、友善"的行为准则

　　一、"是以国治"之爱国

　　二、"竭力从事"之敬业

　　三、"言行犹合符节"之诚信

　　四、"爱人若爱其身"之友善

　　参考文献

　　致 谢