摘 要
青少年是祖国的未来和民族的希望，在这个特殊的群体中，未成年学生占绝大多数。他们在教育机构学习期间，因合法权益受到侵害而引发的教育机构责任纠纷时有发生。本文旨在以教育机构责任纠纷为视角，对如何更加有效地保护未成年学生合法权益予以研讨。
教育机构与未成年学生之间是何种法律关系？教育机构承担侵权责任的法理依据是什么？对此，相关法律并无明确规定，而此类疑问在司法实践中经常出现。笔者认为，教育机构与未成年学生之间是教育管理关系，未成年学生在教育机构受到侵害，教育机构承担侵权责任是基于法律规定的义务。为此，本文着重对审判实践中争议较多的问题进行了论述，主要阐述教育机构与未成年学生法律关系、教育机构侵权责任归责原则比较法考察、教育机构侵权责任的构成要件等问题，并对教育机构责任纠纷进行实证分析，对构建符合我国国情的未成年学生损害赔偿救济体系提出立法建议，以期能有效减少和化解教育机构责任纠纷，实现对未成年学生的最大利益保护。
关键词 未成年学生 教育机构责任 权益保护
Abstract
Teenagers are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. In this specialcommunity, the vast majority of this group is minor students. It is happened quite often thatthe educational institution liability disputes due to the legal rights infringed during the minorstudents study in the educational institution. This paper, taking educational institution liabilitydisputes as a perspective, deliberates how to protect the legal rights and interests of the minorstudents effectively.
What is the kind of legal relationship between educational institution and minor students?
What is the legal basis that the educational institution shall assume the tort liability? In thisregard, there is not clear provisions in the relevant laws, however, such questions can befrequently found in judicial practice. From the perceptive of the author, the relationshipbetween educational institution and minor students is education and management. If theminor students were infringed in the educational institution, educational institution shallassume the tort liability based on the obligations law set. To this end, this paper discusses thecontroversial problems in trial practice, such as the legal relationship between educationalinstitution and minor students, the investigation of comparative law of the educationalinstitution's imputation principle of tort liability, the requisites to constitute educationalinstitutions infringement and other issues. Simultaneously, this paper analysis the educationalinstitution's liability disputes empirically. In order to set the minor students damage reliefsystem, this paper puts forward the legislative suggestions, expecting to effectively reduceand defuse the educational institution liability disputes, realize the maximum protection of theinterests of minor students.
Key words Minor students Educational institution responsibility The protection of therights and interests
目 录
引 言……1
第 1 章 教育机构与未成年学生法律关系解析……3
1.1 教育机构责任纠纷基本主体的界定…… 3
1.1.1 未成年学生范围的界定…… 3
1.1.2 教育机构范畴的界定…… 3
1.2 教育机构责任性质的法律解析…… 4
1.2.1 委托监护说…… 5
1.2.2 契约关系说…… 7
1.2.3 教育管理关系说…… 8
1.3 教育机构与未成年学生法律关系分析…… 8
第 2 章 教育机构侵权责任归责原则比较法考察……10
2.1 境外两大法系教育机构侵权责任归责原则…… 10
2.1.1 英美法系教育机构侵权责任归责原则…… 10
2.1.2 大陆法系教育机构侵权责任归责原则…… 11
2.1.3 两大法系归责原则的比较分析…… 13
2.2 我国教育机构侵权责任归责原则的理论学说分析…… 14
2.2.1 《侵权责任法》颁布实施之前的归责原则…… 14
2.2.2 《侵权责任法》颁布实施之后的归责原则…… 15
2.2.3 过错推定原则对无民事行为能力学生的特殊保护…… 16
第 3 章 教育机构侵权责任构成要件分析……18
3.1 未成年学生受侵害的事实…… 18
3.1.1 侵权主体…… 18
3.1.2 侵权的时间和空间…… 19
3.1.3 侵权结果…… 20
3.2 教育机构存在过错…… 21
3.2.1 教育机构过错的认定…… 21
3.2.2 教育机构过错的类型分析…… 23
3.3 侵权与损害之间的因果关系…… 24
3.3.1 因果关系概述…… 24
3.3.2 教育机构侵权责任的因果关系判断…… 24
第 4 章 未成年学生权益救济体系之构建研究……26
4.1 未成年学生权益保护实证分析…… 26
4.2 构建教育机构侵权责任风险分散机制的立法建议…… 30
4.3 构建未成年学生损害国家补偿机制的立法建议…… 32
结 语……34
参考文献……35
致 谢……37
