摘 要
政府与市场的关系问题自政府与市场出现以来就争执不休，其中出现过以市场为主导的放任自由主义，也出现过以国家或政府为主导的完全计划经济形式。上述是两种比较极端的形式，更多的时候是二者相辅相成的和睦时期，虽然持续争论的问题已经不再是二者取其一的问题，但关于二者谁应为主导的问题一直喋喋不休。时至今日，我们虽无把握具体应赋予二者怎样的职能，但有一点已形成普遍共识，即二者缺一不可，二者和睦共处已成为经济社会持续向前发展的源动力。
哈耶克是新自由主义的代表人物之一，哈耶克的着述涉及经济、政治、社会等诸多领域，他最为人所知的便是他对于经济自由主义的拥护以及自发秩序的思想。所以本文在较为详尽地阐述他这两方面思想的基础上力图还原他对于政府与市场的核心看法。哈耶克关于政府与市场的关系的主张主要集中在他的自发秩序思想之中，秩序观是他经济思想的核心，他认为经济学的问题就在于建构出这样一种秩序，然而自发秩序的形成要依赖于个人对于经济自由的行使，在当代社会，市场是最为接近这种秩序的经济组织形式之一，所以哈耶克是自由市场的坚定拥护者。与之相比，政府的职能要相对小很多，政府旨在维护这种自生自发的秩序得以良好运行，与此同时，哈耶克处处提醒人们提防政府权力有不可遏制的倾向。
本文运用理论分析的手法解读哈耶克的核心思想，结合当代中国经济改革的浪潮，渴望从哈耶克的思想主张里寻求某种有益的成分。重点阐述了哈耶克的自发秩序思想以及由此分析总结了哈耶克有关政府与市场关系的看法。在这两部分内容里，加入了对古典自由主义等相关思想的阐述，其目的是方便与哈耶克的相关思想进行比较研究。与此同时，也加入了一些政治学、哲学等相关术语方便对哈耶克思想做一更好的阐释。最后，通过分析哈耶克的相关结论，针对我国情形给出几点可行性建议。
经济改革是所有改革中的重中之重，经济发展不好其他都是枉然，所以在当今改革进入深水区与攻坚区的艰难时刻，哈耶克在几十年前的思想或许会有所助益。尽管哈耶克的思想中存在意识形态与我国不同的问题，但任何思想或主张只要符合当前经济形势就可以加以采用。
关键词：
哈耶克，政府，市场，秩序
Abstract
The relationship between government and market is argued away since theyappear. In history, there are two kinds of extreme form which are called laissez-faireliberalism and planned economy. The former one takes the market as the leadingfactor while the latter focuses on government. Now the debate is no longer to chooseeither market or government, we know that they are both important. But the problemis which one is the main factor. Maybe we don't know the specific functions they twoshould carry on, but it has become a consensus that the harmony between them is thedriving force of the whole society.
Hayek is one of the representative of neoliberals. Hayek's writings involve manyfields such as economy, politics and society. Among them, his advocacy of economicliberalism and the idea of spontaneous order make him a liberty. So I decide to statehis ideas as possible as I can in detail in this paper. The spontaneous order is the coreidea of his economy thought. He thinks that the most important problem in economyis to construct such an order and it's the key to understand his thought on therelationship between government and market. However the formation of thespontaneous order depends on individuals. In the contemporary society, the market isthe organization which is close to spontaneous order, so Hayek is a staunch supporterof the free market.By contrast, the government aims to maintain the authigenicspontaneous order. At the same time, Hayek reminds people to beware of the powerof the government has a tendency to unstoppable.
This article aims to unscramble Hayek's core theory combined with theeconomic reform in recent China. We desire to seek the beneficial ingredients fromHayek's ideas. This article puts an emphasis on Hayek's spontaneous order in order tounscramble the relationship between government and market. In the paper, I state theclassical liberal ideas to make comparition with Hayek's related ideas. At the sametime, I state some political and philosophical terms to make the ideas more clear.
Finally, I give some constructive advice to our courtry.
Economic reform is the top priority in all reforms. If economic development isslow, others are all in vain. Today, China's reform is in the hardest time, Hayek'sthoughts in a few years ago may help us a lot. Although hayek's thoughts differ fromus in ideology, any idea or claim which accords with the current economic situationcan be used.
Key Words:
Hayek,Government,Market, Order
目 录
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 选题背景和意义
1.1.1 选题背景
1.1.2 选题意义
1.2 现有研究综述
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 论文结构和方法
1.4 主要创新与不足
第 2 章 哈耶克自发秩序思想概述
2.1 经济自由思想
2.1.1 经济自由的起源与定义
2.1.2 经济自由的组织形式
2.1.3 经济自由的重要意义
2.2 进化的社会与秩序
2.3 自发秩序与经济自由
第 3 章 哈耶克的政府与市场职能观
3.1 政府与市场的四种关系
3.2 市场与经济自由
3.3 政府及其职权范围
3.4 政府与市场
3.5 哈耶克理论主张中的争论点
3.5.1 公平观及政府的职责问题
3.5.2 国家公有与个人私有的问题
第 4 章 哈耶克理论对于我国政府与市场关系的启示
4.1 我国的改革现状及其特殊性
4.2 哈耶克理论的启示
第 5 章 结论
参考文献
致 谢
