摘要
随着网络技术的快速发展,互联网为人们的生活带来了极大便利,但同时也成为了谣言滋生蔓延的平台,侵犯公民权利,扰乱社会秩序,甚至危害国家安全。
如何设定网络言论的法律边界,以有效规制网络谣言,是当前亟需解决的一个现实课题。
目前我国在网络言论自由方面的法律制度尚不健全,主要表现在相关法律体系还不成熟、规章制度缺乏科学性等。本文主要以网络谣言的行政责任为研究对象,尝试建构一个有关网络谣言的行政责任法律框架。文章共分四个部分:
第一部分讲的是网络谣言的概述。首先,对谣言的历史、谣言的含义进行了分析,并指出为与我国法律意义上的"谣言"概念相对应,本文采用的是狭义"谣言"概念。在此基础上,明确了网络谣言的定义,即是指经由网络广泛传播的没有事实依据的虚假言论。其次,针对网络谣言的特征、类型、传播、现实危害性等进行了阐述。
第二部分讲的是反网络谣言的行政法治原则。首先,指出言论自由作为一项宪法性权利具有促进自由、提升民主、发现真理等功能,应当受到法律严格保护,同时,通过对言论自由相对主义和绝对主义两种学说的比较分析,表明言论自由也是有限度的。其次,通过对各国在限制言论自由方面的制度比较,进一步提出我国在反网络谣言过程中应当遵循的行政法原则。
第三部分讲的是网络谣言行政责任的构成要件。该部分也是本文的核心,分别从网络谣言违法的主体、客体、主观方面、客观方面等四个角度出发,试图建构一个行政方面网络谣言违法的模型。期间,指出网络谣言的违法主体可以分为网络谣言参与者和网络管理者两类,并提出对不同类型的违法主体,在构成要件方面也会有所不同。
第四部分讲的是我国反网络谣言行政法治体系的现状与完善。该部分对我国目前在反网络谣言领域的主要行政法规范进行梳理,指出当前在规制网络谣言方面存在立法凸显滞后、立法等级较低、监管不到位等问题。在此基础上,提出了明确立法权限、完善相关制度规范、健全监管处置机制、营造网络法治环境等对策建议。
[关键词]网络谣言;言论自由;行政责任
Abstract
With the rapid development of network technology, Internet has brought greatconvenience to people’s life. However, it also becomes the platform where rumors arecaused and spread, which violates the rights of citizens, disturbs social order and evenharms national safety. It is an urgent reality problems as to how to set the legal borderof network opinion so as to effectively restrict network rumors.
At present, laws and regulations in terms of network opinion freedom are still notcomplete, mainly embodied in related immature law system and lack of scientificity inregulations. This paper takes the administrative responsibility of network rumor as theresearch object and attempts to construct a legal structure of administrativeresponsibilities related to network rumor. The paper includes four parts:
The first part is the overview of network rumor. First of all, it analyzes thehistory and definition of rumor and indicates that in order to discriminate from theconcept of ‘rumor’ in law, this paper adopts the narrow concept of ‘rumor’。 Based onthis, it confirms the definition of network rumor, which refers to the false speechwithout factual evidence that is widely spread through network. Second, it illustratesthe features, types, spread and real harmfulness.
The second part is administrative law principle of anti network rumor. First of all,it indicates that freedom of speech, as a constitutional right, has the function ofpromoting freedom, promoting democracy and finding the truth and thus should bestrictly protected by law; meanwhile, through comparative analysis of twotheories--relativism and absolutism, it shows that freedom of speech is also limited.
Second, through comparison of institutions in restricting freedom of speech of thecountries, it further proposes the rules of administrative law that our country shouldadhere to in the process of anti network rumor.
The third part is the components of administrative responsibilities of networkrumor. This part is the core of this paper; it tries to construct a model of law violationof network rumor in administrative aspects from the perspective of the subject, object,subjective aspect and objective aspect in terms of law violation in administration. Itindicates that the subject of law violation of network rumor is divided intoparticipators of network rumor and network managers. It also proposes that aiming atthe subject of law violation of different types, it is also different in component.
The fourth part is the current situation and perfection of administrative lawsystem of anti-network rumor. It sorts out the main standards of administrative law inthe field of anti network rumor. It indicates that there exists problems in legislationlagging, low legislative grade and poor supervision etc. On this basis, it proposes thesolutions and suggestions in confirming legislation power, perfecting related laws andstandards, perfecting supervision and management mechanism and creating networklegal environment.
Key Words: Network Rumor; Freedom of Speech; AdministrativeResponsibility
目 录
导 言
一、研究主题与背景
二、研究难点和价值意义
三、文献综述
四、主要研究方法
第一章 网络谣言概述
第一节 谣言的概念
一、谣言的历史
二、谣言的界定
第二节 网络谣言的社会危害性
一、网络谣言的特征和类型
二、网络谣言的传播
三、网络谣言的现实危害性
第二章 反网络谣言的行政法治原则
第一节 言论自由的限度
一、言论自由的重要性
二、言论自由的相对性
第二节 反网络谣言的行政法治原则
一、限制言论自由的制度规定
二、反网络谣言的行政法原则
第三章 网络谣言行政责任的构成要件
第一节 网络谣言违法主体
一、一般规定
二、网络谣言参与者和管理者
第二节 网络谣言违法客体
一、客体分类
二、常见客体
第三节 网络谣言违法主观方面
一、网络谣言参与者的主观方面
二、网络管理者的主观方面
第四节 网络谣言违法客观方面
一、网络谣言的违法行为
二、网络谣言的危害结果
三、网络谣言的行为对象
第四章 我国反网络谣言行政法治体系的现状及完善
第一节 反网络谣言的行政责任制度现状
一、制度规定
二、存在问题
第二节 反网络谣言的行政法治体系建构
一、明确反网络谣言的立法权限
二、完善反网络谣言的相关制度规范
三、健全监管处置机制
四、营造网络法治环境
参考文献
后 记