摘 要
近年来，在共产党的领导下，我国在民主与政治的发展道路上都取得了实质性的进步，依宪执政的提出，是我国政治文明建设与法治建设不断发展的必然道路。《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中明确指出，我国的依法治国，首先要依宪治国；我国的依法执政，首先是依宪执政。这表明，依照宪法治理国家和开展政府工作，非常重要。依宪执政需要一定的基础与条件，对宪法的高度重视对于我国的法治建设来说意义重大，宪法是国家的根本大法，是治国安邦的总章程，是统治阶级维护和巩固其专政的重要工具，在国家法律体系中占首要地位，具有最高的法律效力和法律威。
然而，依宪执政作为执政党在探索追求具有中国特色社会主义法治道路上的一项全新实践，面临着一些问题与挑战。本文将着重对这些问题和挑战进行分析与归纳，并得出相应的对策。只有针对这些问题的对策能够完全的得到落实，那么依宪执政才能够真正的对我国法治中国的建设起到积极作用，有利于国家的长治久安，有利于我国经济健康发展，社会的全面发展。
本论文正文部分共由四部分构成：
第一部分在理论上对依宪执政这一执政理念进行了详细的分析。对依宪执政的主体进行界定并分别从政治上以及从法律上阐述了界定依宪执政主体的意义，此外，从执政的概念和依宪执政的含义这两个方面入手，分析了依宪执政的内涵，并且论证了依宪执政是依法执政的前提和建设法治国家的需要。
第二部分深度剖析了依宪执政的基础与条件。最高权威的基本内涵、法律结构以及政治价值都是宪法，这是依宪执政的基础。通过总结美国、意大利、日本以及我国的宪法可以说明宪法是一个国家的最高法，并从宪法本身的内容和特性，所处时代背景和立法初衷等方面来把握宪法权威。接着从法律体系、民主制度的建立，权力的配置，人权保障体系方面阐述依宪执政需要的条件。
第三部分对我国依宪执政面临的问题与挑战进行了总结归纳。从执政主体到普通民众，从宪法意识到制度体系详尽分析了依宪执政所面临的问题。由于我国的历史包袱沉重，以及新中国成立以后的政治动乱，这些都使得民主和法制被破坏殆尽，良好的传统没有形成。政府的行政权力无限制扩张，公民自身权利被极大压缩，而公民也缺乏权利意识和宪政意识。监督和审查体制的缺失，使得国家权力被极大滥用。这些诸多问题的存在，曾给我国社会带来长期的干扰和困境。此外，还有来自本国人治传统以及西方宪政模式带来的挑战。只有尽可能的认识到所面临的问题与挑战，才能更好的得出对策，问题才能够迎刃而解。
第四部分提出了要想实现依宪执政可以采纳的建议和对策。以党的十八大为新的机遇，为推进社会主义各项事业的进一步发展，依宪执政应当成为党和政府依法治国，建设法治社会的基本前提。首先要完善实施宪法并进行监督的制度。其次，执政党要严格在宪法和法律的框架下活动，依宪加强党的领导地位，规定党的领导和执政方式以及规范党政关系。再次，从经济基础和宪政格局两方面提高依宪执政能力。最后，要强化对宪法的宣传，进行普法教育。
关键词：依宪执政 宪法 存在问题 对策
Abstract
In recent years, under the leadership of the CPC, China has made substantial progress indeveloping democracy and politics, the propose of ruling by constitution is the logical road ofChinese continuous development of political civilization and rule of law. “The ChineseCommunist Party Central Committee's decision on a number of important issues in relation tocomprehensively implementing governing the country by law” has specified that “To realizethe rule of law, the country should be ruled in line with the Constitution.” The importance ofrule by the Constitution has been fully elucidated. Rule by the Constitution needs somecertain foundation and conditions, and the high attention paid to the Constitution is of greatsignificance to Chinese construction of rule of law. The Constitution, as the fundamental lawof the state, is the general statute of administering state affairs and ensuring national security,and it is an important implement for the ruling class to safeguard and strengthen itsdictatorship. The Constitution holds the leading post in state's legal system and has supremelegal validity and authority.
However, rule by the Constitution, as a new practice of the ruling Party exploringsocialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, is facing some problems and challenges.
This thesis is going to analyze and classify these problems and challenges, and then come upwith solutions to them. Only if these solutions can be fully implemented will rule by theConstitution benefits the construction of rule of law in China, the lasting security and theeconomic developments as well as the all-round development of the society.
The body of this thesis is divided into four parts:
The first part analyses rule by the Constitution on theory at length. It defines the subjectof rule by the Constitution and elaborates the definition politically and legally, thendemonstrates that rule by the Constitution is the precondition to rule by law, and it's also theneed of building a country ruled by law.
The second part analyses the foundation and conditions of rule by the Constitution.
Constitution is the supreme authority's fundamental connotation, legal structure and politicalvalue, which is the foundation of rule by the Constitution. It is proved that Constitution is thesupreme law in a country by summarizing the constitutions of America, Italy, Japan andChina. The authority of the Constitution should be grasped by its contents and characters, aswell as historical background and original intention of the constitution. Then it elaborates theconditions in terms of legal system, establishment of democratic system, power allocation andhuman rights protection system.
The third part summarizes the problems and challenges of rule by the Constitution, andanalyses the problems from ruling subject to common people, from awareness of theConstitution to the system. A good tradition was not developed because of serious historicalissues, and the political turmoil after the new China was founded, which all led to the destroyof democracy and legal institutions. The executive power expanded unlimitedly, citizen'srights were reduced and they were lack of consciousness of right and constitutionalism. Thelack of supervision and censorship system led to the abuse of force of state. All the problemshave brought long-term distractions and dilemma. Besides, there are also challenges from theconcept of rule by man and western constitutional government pattern. Only if we realize theproblems and challenges as possible as we can will we come up with solutions.
The fourth part proposes suggestions and solutions can be adopted to realize rule by theConstitution. With the 18thCPC National Congress being the new opportunity in order toimpel the development of socialist cause, rule by the Constitution should be the premise ofrule by law. Firstly, the Constitution should be fully implemented and supervised. Secondly,the ruling Party should be strictly under the framework of the Constitution, strengthen theleading post, regulates the leading and ruling ways, and normalizes the relation between theParty and the government in line with the Constitution. Thirdly, the ability of rule by theConstitution should be improved in economic foundation and constitutional structure. Last,we should strengthen the publicity of the Constitution and popularizing law education.
Key Words: rule by the Constitution the Constitution problems solutions
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引言
（一） 研究意义与目的
（二） 国内外研究现状
（三） 基本思路和研究方法
（四） 难点和创新点
一、 依宪执政的主体、内涵与法律意义
（一） 依宪执政的主体
1. 依宪执政主体的界定及意义
2. 执政权力的来源
（二） 依宪执政的内涵
1. 执政的概念
2. 依宪执政的含义
（三） 依宪执政的法律意义
1. 依宪执政是依法执政的前提
2. 依宪执政是建设法治国家的客观要求
二、 依宪执政的基础与条件
（一） 依宪执政的基础
1. 宪法是最高权威的基本内涵
2. 宪法是最高权威的法律结构
3. 宪法是最高权威的政治价值
（二） 依宪执政的条件
1. 建立了较为完善的法律体系
2. 建立起行之有效的民主制度
3. 健全的人权保障体系
4. 权力配置的法治化
三、 依宪执政面临的问题与挑战
（一） 依宪执政面临的问题
1. 执政主体的宪法意识有待提高
2. 依宪执政的制度体系不够完善
3. 普通民众的宪治认同感比较薄弱
4. 以宪法为核心的法律体系有待完善
（二） 依宪执政面临的挑战
1. 我国人治传统的挑战
2. 西方宪政模式的挑战
四、 实现依宪执政的建议与对策
（一） 完善宪法实施和监督制度
1. 完善宪法实施制度体系
2. 完善宪法监督制度
（二） 依宪规范执政权力
1. 用宪法加强党的领导地位
2. 依宪规定党的领导方式和执政方式
3. 依宪规范党政关系
（三） 提高依宪执政能力
1. 发展和强化依宪执政的经济基础
2. 构建立体化和均衡化的权力监督体系
（四） 强化宪法宣传和普法教育
1. 把法制实践和法制教育结合起来
2. 提高全民的宪法和法律意识
结论
参考文献
后记
