¡¡¡¡ÌᳫÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊÒÑΪµ±½ñÊÀ½çÐí¶à¹ú¼Ò´Ù½øÈËÃñ½¡¿µµÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª¾Ù´ë,ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇÔ˶¯Äܵ÷½ÚÄÜÁ¿Æ½ºâ,Ô¤·ÀÂýÐÔ²¡¡£Ô˶¯×÷ΪһÖÖ·ÇÒ©Îï¡¢¾¼Ã¡¢ÎÞ¸±×÷Óõļõ·Ê´ëÊ©ÒÑÊǼõ·ÊÕß²ÉÈ¡µÄ×î¹ã·ºµÄ·½·¨¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÔ˶¯Óë¼õ·ÊÂÛÎÄ6ƪ£¬¹©´ó¼ÒÔĶÁ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯Óë¼õ·ÊÂÛÎĵÚһƪ£ºÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Öƶ¨ºÍʵʩÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡ÕªÒª£ºÄ¿Ç°ÎÒ¹úÓ׶ù·ÊÅÖ·¢ÉúÂÊÖðÄêÅÊÉý,Õë¶Ô·ÊÅÖÓ׶ùÖƶ¨¡¢ÊµÊ©Ô˶¯´¦·½¼õ·ÊÊÇÐÐÖ®ÓÐЧµÄÊֶΡ£Îª±£Ö¤Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄЧ¹û,ÔÚÖƶ¨ºÍʵʩÔ˶¯´¦·½ÖÐҪעÒâ3¸ö·½Ãæ:Ò»ÊÇÔ˶¯ÐÎʽµÄÑ¡ÔñÓ¦·ûºÏÓ׶ùÉúÀíºÍÐÄÀíµÄÌصã;¶þÊÇÑ¡Ôñ¼òµ¥¡¢·½±ãµÄÖ¸±ê¶ÔÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÊµÊ©Çé¿öºÍЧ¹û½øÐмà²âºÍÆÀ¼Û;ÈýÊÇÔ˶¯´¦·½Öƶ¨ºÍʵʩÖÐÓ¦³ä·Ö·¢»Ó¼Ò³¤µÄ×÷Óá£
¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºÓ׶ù; ·ÊÅÖ; ¼õ·Ê; Ô˶¯´¦·½; Ô˶¯¸ººÉ; ÆÀ¼ÛÖ¸±ê; Ó׶ùÐÄÀíÌØÕ÷;
¡¡¡¡Problems to Be Attended to in Formulation and Implementation of Exercise Prescription for Weight Loss of Children
¡¡¡¡LIU Junke
¡¡¡¡College of Physical Education, Henan Finance University
¡¡¡¡Abstract£ºAt present,the incidence of obesity among children in China is increasing year by year.It is an effective method to make and implement exercise prescription for obese children to lose weight.In order to ensure the effect of exercise prescription for children to lose weight,the choice of exercise form in the formulation and implementation of exercise prescription should accord with the characteristics of children's physiology and psychology.Simple and convenient indexes were selected to monitor and evaluate the implementation and effect of exercise prescription for weight loss among children.The role of parents should be brought into full play in the formulation and implementation of sports prescription.
¡¡¡¡0 ÒýÑÔ
¡¡¡¡Ö¬·¾ÊÇÈËÌåÕý³£µÄ×éÖ¯³É·Ö,ÔÚ±£Ö¤ÈËÌåÕý³£µÄÉúÀí¹¦ÄÜÖÐÆð×ÅÖØÒª×÷ÓÃ,µ«ÌåÄÚÖ¬·¾×éÖ¯¹ý¶à¾Í»áÔì³É·ÊÅÖ¡£ÌåÄÚÖ¬·¾×éÖ¯Ôö¶àÖ÷ÒªÊÇÓÉÖ¬·¾Ï¸°ûÔöÖ³ºÍÔö´óÔì³É,¶øÌåÄÚÖ¬·¾Ï¸°ûÔöÖ³ÆÚÖ÷ÒªÊÇÔÚÓ×ÄêºÍͯÄêʱÆÚ,³ÉÄêºó·ÊÅÖÖ÷ÒªÊÇÖ¬·¾Ï¸°ûÔö´ó,Òò´Ë·ÊÅÖÓ׶ù³ÉÄêºó·ÊÅֵıÈÀý½ÏÆäËûÓ׶ùÏà±ÈÒ²½Ï¸ß¡£·ÊÅÖµÄÖÖÀà¿É¹éÄÉΪ3ÖÖÀàÐÍ:ÒÅ´«ÐÔ·ÊÅÖ¡¢¼Ì·¢ÐÔ·ÊÅֺ͵¥´¿ÐÔ·ÊÅÖ¡£¾ø´ó¶àÊýÓ׶ù·ÊÅÖÊôÓÚµ¥´¿ÐÔ·ÊÅÖ¡£·ÊÅÖ»áÓ°ÏìÓ׶ùµÄһЩÉúÀí»úÄÜ,ÈçÖÇÁ¦Ë®Æ½½µµÍ¡¢·´Ó¦³Ù¶Û;Ó°ÏìÕý³£Éú³¤·¢Óý;Ðķι¦ÄܽµµÍ¡¢Ô˶¯ÄÜÁ¦Ï½µµÈ¡£Èç³ÉÄêºóÒÀÈ»·ÊÅÖ,ÔòÒ×»¼¸ßѪѹ¡¢¹ÚÐIJ¡¡¢ÌÇÄò²¡µÈ¼²²¡,ÉõÖÁÓ°ÏìÊÙÃü,Òò´ËÓ׶ù·ÊÅÖÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÓ¦¸ÃÒýÆðÉç»áºÍ¼ÒÍ¥µÄ¹Ø×¢¡£
¡¡¡¡½üÄêÀ´,¶ùͯ³¬ÖØ·ÊÅÖµÄÈ«Çò»¼²¡ÂʳÊÖðÄêÉÏÉýµÄÇ÷ÊÆ,2017Äê5ÔÂ11ÈÕ,Óɱ±¾©´óѧ¹«¹²ÎÀÉúѧԺºÍÁªºÏ¹ú¶ùͯ»ù½ð»áÁªºÏ·¢²¼µÄ¡¶Öйú¶ùͯ·ÊÅÖ±¨¸æ¡·Ö¸³ö,ÎÒ¹ú¶ùͯ·ÊÅÖÂÊÖðÄêÅÊÉý,1985Äêµ½2005Äê¼ä,ÎÒ¹úÖ÷Òª´ó³ÇÊÐ0¡«7Ëê¶ùͯ·ÊÅÖÂÊÓÉ0.9%Ôö³¤ÖÁ3.2%,¹À¼Æ·ÊÅֵĶùͯÈËÊýÓÉ141ÍòÈËÔöÖÁ404ÍòÈË[1]¡£¶àÊýÑо¿ÏÔʾ,Ó׶ù·ÊÅÖÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÓÐÁ½·½Ãæ:Ò»ÊÇÄÜÁ¿ÉãÈë¹ý¶à;¶þÊÇÔ˶¯Á¿²»×ã¡£¼õÉÙÄÜÁ¿ÉãÈë¶Ô¼õ·ÊÀ´ËµÊÇÒ»¸öÖØÒª·½Ãæ,µ«ÓÉÓÚÓ׶ù»¹´¦ÓÚÉú³¤·¢ÓýÆÚ,²»ÄܶÔËûÃDzÉÓÃÑϸñ¿ØÖÆÒûʳµÄ·½·¨À´¼õ·Ê,Òò´ËÔÚÊʵ±µÄ¿ØÖÆÒûʳµÄÇ°ÌáÏÂ,ͨ¹ýÔ˶¯½øÐмõ·ÊÊÇ°²È«¿É¿¿µÄ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯´¦·½ÊǸù¾Ý²Î¼Ó»î¶¯ÕßµÄÄêÁä¡¢ÐԱ𡢽¡¿µ×´¿öºÍÌåÄÜˮƽ,ÒÔ´¦·½µÄÐÎʽȷ¶¨ÆäÔ˶¯Ä¿µÄ¡¢Ô˶¯ÐÎʽ¡¢Ô˶¯Ç¿¶È¡¢Ô˶¯Ê±¼ä¡¢Ô˶¯ÆµÂʺÍ×¢ÒâÊÂÏîµÄϵͳ»¯¡¢¸öÐÔ»¯µÄÔ˶¯·½°¸[2]326¡£²»Í¬ÄêÁä½×¶Î,º¢×ÓµÄÐÄÖÇÈÏÖª·¢Óý¡¢ÉíÌå»úÄÜ·¢Óý¶¼ÓÐÆä¹æÂɺÍÌصã,·ÊÅÖÓ׶ùÔÚ·ÊÅ̶ֳȡ¢Ô˶¯ÄÜÁ¦µÈ·½ÃæÒ²ÓнϴóµÄ¸öÌå²îÒì,Òò´ËÕë¶Ô·ÊÅÖÓ׶ùÖƶ¨¸öÐÔ»¯µÄÔ˶¯´¦·½½øÐмõ·Ê,½«»á´ïµ½Ê°빦±¶µÄЧ¹û¡£Îª±£Ö¤Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÔÚʵ¼ùÖÐÈ¡µÃÁ¼ºÃµÄЧ¹û,ÔÚÖƶ¨ºÍʵʩÔ˶¯´¦·½ÖбØÐë×ÅÖØ×¢ÒâÒÔϼ¸·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
¡¡¡¡1 Ô˶¯ÐÎʽѡÔñÓ¦·ûºÏÓ׶ùÉúÀíºÍÐÄÀíµÄÌصã
¡¡¡¡4¡«6ËêѧÁäÇ°·ÊÅÖ¶ùͯ,¿ÉÓÐÄ¿µÄ¡¢Óмƻ®µØ°²ÅŸöÐÔ»¯µÄÔ˶¯´¦·½ÒÔÔö¼ÓÄÜÁ¿µÄÏûºÄ,¼õÉÙÖ¬·¾µÄÔٶѻý,ÔöÇ¿¶ùͯÌåÖʺÍÔ˶¯¼¼ÄÜ[3]¡£ÎªÁ˱£Ö¤¶ÍÁ¶µÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔºÍϵͳÐÔ,Ô˶¯ÐÎʽµÄÑ¡ÔñÓ¦·ûºÏÓ׶ùÉúÀíºÍÐÄÀíµÄÌص㡣Ó׶ù¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÉúÀíÌصã:Ô˶¯ÏµÍ³ÌصãÊÇÌåÄÚÈí¹Ç³É·Ö¶à,¹ÇÖÐÓлúÎﺬÁ¿¸ß,²»Ò×¹ÇÕÛ,µ«Ò×±äÐÎ;¼¡ÈâÖÐË®·Ö¶à,µ°°×ÖÊÉÙ,ÊÕËõÄÜÁ¦Èõ,ÄÍÁ¦²î,Ò×Æ£ÀÍ;¹Ø½ÚÁé»îÐÔºÃ,ÀιÌÐÔ²îµÈ¡£Ðķι¦ÄÜÌصãÊǷλîÁ¿Ð¡,ÐÄÔàÊÕËõÄÜÁ¦ÈõµÈ¡£¸ù¾ÝÕâЩÌصã,ÔÚÔ˶¯ÐÎʽÉÏӦѡÔñÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È²»´óµÄÏîÄ¿,ÇÒ³ÖÐøʱ¼ä²»Ò˹ý³¤,ÈçÂýÅÜ¡¢ÇòÀàÏîÄ¿¡¢ÓÎÓ¾¡¢Æï×ÔÐгµ¡¢×ßÅܽáºÏµÄ¸÷ÖÖÓÎÏ·µÈÏîÄ¿,ÇмɽøÐÐÖг¤ÅÜ¡¢³¤¾àÀëÓÎÓ¾¡¢¸ºÖصÈÁ·Ï°ÐÎʽ,±ÜÃâ¶ÔÓ׶ùÉíÌåÔì³ÉËðÉË¡£
¡¡¡¡Ó׶ùÐÄÀíÌصãÖ÷Òª±íÏÖΪÇéÐ÷ÐÔÇ¿¡¢°®Ä£·Â¡¢»îÆúö¯¡¢×¢ÒâÁ¦²»¼¯ÖеÈ,Òò´ËÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÖÐÔ˶¯ÐÎʽµÄÑ¡ÔñÒ²Ó¦×ñÑÓ׶ùÐÄÀí¹æÂÉ,¼È±£Ö¤Æ䰲ȫÓÐЧÐÔÓÖÒª¼æ¹ËȤζÐÔ,Âú×ãÓ׶ùÐÄÀíÐèÇó¡£È罫һЩ¿ÝÔïµÄÅÜÌøµÈËØÖÊÁ·Ï°ºÍÓÎÏ·Ïà½áºÏ,Ô˶¯Ê±²»¶Ï±ä»»¸÷ÖÖÐÎʽ,×éÖ¯¸÷ÖÖÓÎÏ·»î¶¯¡£Ö»ÓÐÌá¸ßÓ׶ù²ÎÓëÔ˶¯µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ,²ÅÓÐÀûÓÚÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄ³¤ÆÚÖ´ÐС£
¡¡¡¡2 ¼à²âºÍÆÀ¼ÛÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÊµÊ©Çé¿öºÍЧ¹ûӦѡÔñ¼òµ¥¡¢·½±ãµÄÖ¸±ê
¡¡¡¡Ó׶ùÄêÁäС,¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÔÚʵʩ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,¶àÊÇÓɼҳ¤½øÐмල,µ«ÊǶàÊý¼Ò³¤²¢·Ç´Ë·½ÃæµÄרҵÈËÊ¿,Òò´ËÔ˶¯´¦·½ÊµÊ©ÖÐÔ˶¯¸ººÉÊÇ·ñ°²È«ºÏÀí¡¢Ô˶¯´¦·½ÁÆЧÈçºÎ,¶àÊý¼Ò³¤²¢²»Çå³þ¡£Îª·½±ã¼Ò³¤¼à²âºÍÆÀ¼ÛÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÊµÊ©µÄÇé¿öºÍЧ¹û,ÔÚ±£Ö¤¿ÆѧµÄÇé¿öÏÂ,Ó¦¾¡Á¿Ñ¡Ôñ¼òµ¥¡¢·½±ãµÄÖ¸±ê,ʹÆÕͨÈËȺÄܹ»½Ï¿ìÕÆÎÕ²¢Ó¦ÓÃÓÚʵ¼ù¡£
¡¡¡¡2.1 Ô˶¯¸ººÉµÄ¼à²âÖ¸±ê
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯´¦·½Öƶ¨ºÃÒÔºó,ÔÚʵʩ¹ý³ÌÖÐӦעÒâÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È¡¢Ô˶¯Ê±¼ä¡¢Ô˶¯ÆµÂʵȹؼüÒòËصİѿء£Ò»´ÎÔ˶¯µÄЧ¹ûÊÇÓÉ×ÜÔ˶¯Á¿À´¾ö¶¨µÄ,¶ø“×ÜÔ˶¯Á¿=Ô˶¯Ç¿¶È×Ô˶¯Ê±¼ä”,¼´ÓɶþÕßµÄÅäºÏ¹²Í¬¾ö¶¨[2]329¡£Òò´Ë,ÔÚÔ˶¯´¦·½Ö´ÐÐÖжÔÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈºÍÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä½øÐмà²âÊǷdz£±ØÒªµÄ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯Ç¿¶ÈÊÇÔ˶¯´¦·½¶¨Á¿»¯ºÍ¿ÆѧÐԵĺËÐÄ,Ô˶¯ÊÇ·ñÓÐЧºÍÆäÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø¡£·ÊÅÖ¶ùͯÓÉÓÚÐķι¦ÄܺÍÔ˶¯ÏµÍ³ÉÐδ·¢Óý³ÉÊì,Ô˶¯Ç¿¶ÈµÄ°²ÅŲ»Ò˹ý´ó¡£ÓÉÓÚÐÄÂʺÍÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ,ÐÄÂʲⶨÓַdz£·½±ã,Òò´Ë,ÐÄÂÊÊdz£ÓõÄÈ·¶¨ºÍ¼à²âÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈµÄÖ¸±ê¡£ÔÚʵ¼ùÓ¦ÓÃÖг£ÓÃ×î´óÐÄÂʰٷֱȼà²âÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È,¶ÔÓ׶ùÀ´Ëµ,×î´óÐÄÂʵÈÓÚ220-ÄêÁä,Ó׶ùÔÚ×ö¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯Ê±Ó¦²ÉÓÃÖеÍÇ¿¶ÈµÄÓÐÑõÔ˶¯,´óÖÂÏ൱ÓÚ55%×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿,¶ÔÓ¦µÄ°ÐÐÄÂÊͨ³£Îª70%×óÓÒ×î´óÐÄÂÊ,¼´150´Î/min×óÓÒ¡£ÕâÖÖÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È¼È²»»áʹÓ׶ù¹ýÓÚÆ£ÀÍ,ÓÖÄÜÓÐЧµØÏûºÄÌåÄÚÖ¬·¾,»¹ÄÜÒÖÖÆʳÓû[4]¡£Òò·ÊÅÖÓ׶ù·ÊÅ̶ֳȡ¢Ô˶¯ÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÌåÖʸ÷²»Ïàͬ,ÔÚʵ¼ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ö´ÐÐÖÐ,ÐÄÂʵĴóСӦ¸ù¾ÝÓ׶ùʵ¼ÊÇé¿ö,½áºÏÓ׶ùÔ˶¯Ê±µÄÖ÷¹Û¸ÐÊÜ×ö³öµ÷Õû,ÌåÖʽÏÈõµÄ°ÐÐÄÂʿɵÍÓÚ150´Î/min,ÌåÖʺõĿɸßÓÚ150´Î/min¡£Ö´ÐÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÈçÓ׶ùÉíÌåËØÖÊÓÐËùÔöÇ¿,Ò²Ðè¶ÔÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È½øÐе÷Õû¡£
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯³ÖÐøʱ¼äÊdzýÈ¥±ØҪ׼±¸»î¶¯ºÍÕûÀí»î¶¯Íâ,ÿ´ÎÔ˶¯³ÖÐøµÄʱ¼ä¡£¼õ·ÊÒªÓÐЧ¹û,Ô˶¯³ÖÐøʱ¼ä²»Äܹý¶Ì,Ö»Óг¤Ê±¼äÖеÈÇ¿¶ÈµÄÔ˶¯²ÅÄÜʹÑõÑõ»¯ÏµÍ³·Ö½âÌåÄÚÖ¬·¾¡£Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÿÌìÔ˶¯Ê±¼äÓ¦´ï50min×óÓÒ,ÒòΪÓ׶ù²»Äܳ¤Ê±¼ä½øÐÐÄÍÁ¦Ô˶¯,ËùÒÔÔÚÕû¸öÔ˶¯¹ý³ÌÖмäЪ´ÎÊýÓ¦¶àһЩ,¿ÉÒÔ´Ó³ÖÐø¶Ìʱ¼äÔ˶¯¿ªÊ¼,´ïµ½ÊÊÒËÐÄÂʵÄʱ¼äÐëÔÚ15minÒÔÉÏ,°ÐÐÄÂÊÒ²¾ÍÊÇÊÊÒËÔ˶¯ÐÄÂÊ[5]¡£
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯Ð§¹ûÊÇÒ»¸öÓÉÁ¿±äµ½ÖʱäµÄ¹ý³Ì,ͨ¹ý³¤ÆÚ»ýÀÛ²ÅÄÜÏÔʾ³öÀ´,ʵʩÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ã¿ÖÜÔ˶¯ÆµÂÊÓ¦²»ÉÙÓÚ5d¡£
¡¡¡¡2.2 ¼õ·ÊЧ¹ûµÄÆÀ¼ÛÖ¸±ê
¡¡¡¡³ÉÈËÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºó¾Í»áÃ÷ÏԵع۲⵽ÌåÖØϽµ,µ«ÓÉÓÚÓ׶ù´¦ÓÚÉú³¤·¢ÓýÆÚ,¼´Ê¹ÕýÔÚ½øÐмõ·ÊµÄÓ׶ù,ÌåÖØÓÐʱҲ²»Ò»¶¨»áϽµ,Ò²¿ÉÄܳöÏÖÔö´ó»ò²»±äµÄÏÖÏó,Òò´Ë²»ÄÜÒÔµ¥´¿µÄÌåÖØϽµ×÷ΪÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼À´ÆÀ¼Û¼õ·ÊЧ¹û,¶øӦѡÔñÆäËûºÏÊʵÄÖ¸±ê¡£
¡¡¡¡¹ú¼ÊÉϺܶà¹ú¼ÒʹÓÃÌåÖÊÖ¸ÊýBMI(bodymassindex)×÷Ϊ·ÊÅÖµÄÅжϱê×¼,ÊÊÓÃÓÚ¶ùͯµÄÌåÖÊÖ¸ÊýBMI³ÆΪKaupÖ¸Êý,¼´ÌåÖØ(kg)/Éí¸ß(m)[2]¡£×¨¼Ò½¨ÒéÎÒ¹úѧǰ¶ùͯKaupÖ¸ÊýµÄ·ÊÅÖ½çÖµµãΪ18,²»Çø·ÖÄêÁäºÍÐÔ±ðµÄ²îÒì[6],ÕâÒ»Ö¸±êÒ²¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¼õ·ÊЧ¹ûµÄÆÀ¹À,·Ç³£¼òµ¥¡£ÈçÒ»Ãû5ËêµÄÄÐÐÔÓ׶ù,Éí¸ß106cm,ÌåÖØ24kg,Ö´ÐÐÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½1yºó,6ËêʱÉí¸ß115cm,ÌåÖØ25.5kg,Ôò´ËÓ׶ùÒ»ÄêÖÐÉí¸ßÔö¼Ó9cm,ÌåÖØÔö¼Ó1.5kg¡£¼ÆËãKaupÖ¸Êý,Ó׶ù5ËêʱΪ21.35,6ËêʱΪ19.28,ËäÈ»¶¼ÊôÓÚ·ÊÅÖ,µ«ÏÔʾ°´Ô˶¯´¦·½½øÐжÍÁ¶ºóKaupÖ¸Êý½µµÍ,˵Ã÷Ó¦ÓôËÔ˶¯´¦·½½øÐмõ·ÊÊÇÓÐЧ¹ûµÄ¡£
¡¡¡¡3 Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Öƶ¨ºÍʵʩÖÐÓ¦³ä·Ö·¢»Ó¼Ò³¤×÷ÓÃ
¡¡¡¡3.1 ¼Ò³¤Ó¦»ý¼«²ÎÓëÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄÖƶ¨ºÍʵʩ
¡¡¡¡ËäÈ»Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ó¦ÓÉרҵÈËÊ¿Öƶ¨,Èç±£½¡Ò½Éú¡¢½¡ÉíÖ¸µ¼Ô±µÈ,µ«´¦·½Öƶ¨ÕßÔÚÖƶ¨Ç°Ê×ÏÈÒªÁ˽âÓ׶ùµÄÄêÁä¡¢ÐԱ𡢽¡¿µ×´¿öºÍÌåÄÜˮƽ,³ýÕý³£µÄ¼ì²éºÍ²âÊÔÍâ,»¹ÒªÓÐÎÊѯ»·½Ú¡£¼Ò³¤Æ½Ê±ÓëÓ׶ù½Ó´¥×îΪÃÜÇÐ,Ò²×îÁ˽âÓ׶ùµÄÉíÌå×´¿ö¡¢¸öÐÔÌصãºÍÉú»îÇé¿ö,Òò´ËÔÚÔ˶¯´¦·½Öƶ¨¹ý³ÌÖмҳ¤Ó¦¶àÓëÖƶ¨Õß½øÐйµÍ¨,ʹÖƶ¨µÄÔ˶¯´¦·½¸ü¼ÓÊʺÏÓ׶ù¡£ÁíÍâ,ÔÚ²ÎÓë´¦·½Öƶ¨µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,¼Ò³¤Ò²»áѧϰµ½ºÜ¶àÓë¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ïà¹ØµÄÏȽøÀíÄîºÍ֪ʶ,·½±ãÈÕºó¿ÆѧµØÖ¸µ¼Ó׶ùͨ¹ýÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄʵʩ½øÐмõ·Ê¡£
¡¡¡¡¼ÒÍ¥»·¾³ÊÇÓ׶ùÖØÒªµÄÉú»î»·¾³,ÔÚÓ׶ùÔ˶¯Ï°¹ßÑø³É·½ÃæÆð×ÅÖØÒªµÄÒýµ¼ºÍʾ·¶×÷Óá£Ó׶ù·ÊÅÖµÄÔÒòÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇȱ·¦Ô˶¯,Òò´Ë,ÔÚÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄʵʩ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,¼Ò³¤Ó¦»ý¼«²ÎÓë,Åã°éÓ׶ùÒ»ÆðÔ˶¯,´ïµ½¼õ·ÊÄ¿µÄµÄͬʱ,Ò²ÄÜ°ïÖúÓ׶ùÑø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄÔ˶¯Ï°¹ß¡£ÔÚÔ˶¯ÖÐ,¼Ò³¤¿ÉÕë¶ÔÓ׶ùϲ»¶ÓÎÏ·¡¢Ä£·ÂÁ¦Ç¿¡¢»îÆúö¯µÄÌصã,´´Éè¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÇé¾³,Ò²¿É³ä·ÖÔËÓÃһЩÆ÷²Ä,ÒÔÓÎÏ··½Ê½ÎªÖ÷,ͨ¹ý¶àÖÖÊֶμ¤·¢Ó׶ùµÄÔ˶¯ÐËȤ,µ÷¶¯Ó׶ùµÄÔ˶¯»ý¼«ÐÔ¡£ÔÚÅã°éÓ׶ùÔ˶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,¼Ò³¤¼ÈºÍº¢×ÓÒ»ÆðÏíÊÜÁËÔ˶¯µÄÀÖȤ,Ôö½øÁËÇ××Ó¹Øϵ,ÓÖ±£Ö¤Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ë³ÀûÍê³É,´ïµ½¼õ·ÊÄ¿±ê,¿Éνһ¾ÙÁ½µÃ¡£
¡¡¡¡3.2 ¼Ò³¤Ó¦ÔÚÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½ÊµÊ©¹ý³ÌÖз¢»ÓÒýµ¼ºÍ¼à¶½×÷ÓÃ
¡¡¡¡¼õ·ÊÊÇÒ»¸ö³¤ÆڵĹý³Ì,Ó׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄʵʩ±ØÐë³ÖÖ®ÒÔºã²Å»á¼û³ÉЧ¡£¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½Ç¿¶ÈËäÈ»²»´ó,µ«Ô˶¯Ê±´ïµ½ÓÐЧÐÄÂʵÄʱ¼äÐèÒª50min×óÓÒ,ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ×¼±¸»î¶¯¡¢ÕûÀí»î¶¯¡¢Ô˶¯ÖеļäЪ,ÿÌìÔ˶¯×Üʱ¼ä²¢²»Ëã¶Ì¡£Òò´Ë,ÓеÄÓ׶ùÔ˶¯Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó,ÐÂÏʸÐÒ»¹ý¾Í»á¸Ð¾õÀÛÁË¡¢·³ÁË,²»Ô¸Òâ¼ÌÐø¼á³Ö,ÌرðÊÇÌìÆø¹ýÀä¡¢¹ýÈȵÄʱºò¡£Óöµ½ÕâЩÇé¿ö,¼Ò³¤ÒªÏë·½Éè·¨×öºÃÒýµ¼¹¤×÷,¹ÄÀøÓ׶ù¼á³ÖÔ˶¯,°ïÖúÓ׶ùÊ÷Á¢Íê³ÉÔ˶¯µÄÐÅÐÄ¡£Èç¹ûÓ׶ù¸Ð¾õ¶À×ÔÒ»ÈËÔ˶¯¹ýÓÚ¿ÝÔï¡¢µ¥µ÷,¼Ò³¤Ò²¿ÉÒÔÁªÏµ¾ÓסÔÚ¸½½üµÄ·ÊÅÖÓ׶ùµÄ¼Ò³¤,½á°é×é³ÉÔ˶¯Ð¡×éÒ»ÆðÔ˶¯¡£½á°éÔ˶¯¿ÉÒÔ¼õÇáÓ׶ùµÄÐÄÀí¸ººÉ,ÓÐͬ°éÅã°éÔ˶¯ÍùÍù¿ÉÒÔ¼á³Ö¸ü³¤Ê±¼ä,Ò²¿É´ÙʹÓ׶ù¶ÔÔ˶¯²úÉú¸üŨµÄÐËȤ¡£
¡¡¡¡Ò»·Ý¿ÆѧÓÐЧµÄÓ׶ù¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½,³ýÁËÔ˶¯ÐÎʽ¶àÑù¡¢Éè¼ÆÓÐȤ֮Íâ,Ô˶¯Ê±¼äºÍÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È±ØÐë´ïµ½ÒªÇó,²ÅÄÜ´ïµ½Ô¤Æڵļõ·ÊÄ¿±ê¡£Ô˶¯Ê±¼ä¡¢Ô˶¯Ç¿¶ÈµÄ¼à²â,Ô˶¯Ð§¹ûµÄÆÀ¹À¶¼Àë²»¿ª¼Ò³¤µÄ¼à¶½¡£¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯´¦·½µÄÖ´ÐÐÊÇÒ»¸ö³¤ÆڵĹý³Ì,ͨ¹ý¼à¶½¿ÉÁ˽âÓ׶ùÉíÐı仯,¼°Ê±Ïò´¦·½Öƶ¨Õß·´À¡,¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª×ö³öµ÷Õû¡£Òò´Ë¼Ò³¤±ØÐëÕÆÎÕÏà¹Ø֪ʶ,ÊìÁ·ÔËÓüà²âºÍÆÀ¼ÛÖ¸±ê,×öºÃ¼à¶½¹¤×÷,ΪÓ׶ù¼õ·Ê±£¼Ý»¤º½¡£
¡¡¡¡4 ½áÊøÓï
¡¡¡¡×ÛÉÏËùÊö,Öƶ¨ºÍʵʩÔ˶¯´¦·½Ê±×öºÃÒÔÉϼ¸¸ö·½Ãæ,ÔÚÈ¡µÃÔ¤ÆÚ¼õ·ÊЧ¹ûµÄͬʱ,Ò²ÓÐÀûÓÚÓ׶ùÔ˶¯ÐËȤµÄÅàÑøºÍÔ˶¯Ï°¹ßµÄÑø³É,½«»áʹÆäÊÜÒæÖÕÉí¡£
¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
¡¡¡¡[1]Âí¹ÚÉú.Öйú¶ùͯ·ÊÅÖ±¨¸æ[M].±±¾©:ÈËÃñÎÀÉú³ö°æÉç,2017:14
¡¡¡¡[2] µËÊ÷Ñ«,Íõ½¡,Çǵ²Å,µÈ.Ô˶¯ÉúÀíѧ[M]. 3°æ.±±¾©:¸ßµÈ½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç,2015
¡¡¡¡[3]ÁõÉçÇÙ.ѧǰ¶ùͯµ¥´¿ÐÔ·ÊÅÖµÄÓ°ÏìÒòËؼ°ÉíÌå»î¶¯·½°¸µÄ·ÖÎö[J].µ±´úÌåÓý¿Æ¼¼,2019,9(3):16-17
¡¡¡¡[4]ÁºÔË·å.¶ùͯ·ÊÅֵĹؼüÆÚ¼°·À¿Ø²ßÂÔÑо¿[J].À¼ÖݽÌÓýѧԺѧ±¨,2019,35(2):169-172
¡¡¡¡[5]ÕÔɳ,Ôø·²³¬,ÕÔÎij¬.“¶ùÉÙȺÌ唵¥´¿ÐÔ·ÊÅÖÔÒò·ÖÎö¼°Ô˶¯´¦·½µÄ̽¾¿ÓëÓ¦ÓÃ[J].ÌåÓýÊÀ½ç(ѧÊõ°æ),2020(3):171-172
¡¡¡¡[6]Àîï¾ü.Ó׶ùÓªÑøÓëÉÅʳ[M].ÉϺ£:ͬ¼Ã´óѧ³ö°æÉç,2018:100
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯Óë¼õ·ÊÂÛÎĵڶþƪ£ºÏÖ´úÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨µÄÑо¿
¡¡¡¡ÕªÒª£ºËæ×ÅÊÀ½ç¾¼ÃµÄÈ«Ãæ·¢Õ¹,ÈËÃǵÄÉú»îˮƽÏà¶ÔÓÚ°ëÊÀ¼ÍÇ°ÓÐÁËÃ÷ÏÔµÄÌáÉý,ÈËÃǵÄÒûʳ½á¹¹·¢ÉúÁ˾޴óµÄ±ä»¯¡£³¬ÖØÂÊÓÉ1992ÄêµÄ13%Ôö¼Óµ½2015ÄêµÄ30%,·ÊÅÖÂÊÓÉ3%Éý¸ßµ½ÁË12%¡£ÓÉ·ÊÅÖÒýÆðµÄ¸ßѪѹ,ÌÇÄò²¡µÈ¼²²¡µÄÈËÊýÒ²ÓÐÁËÃ÷ÏÔµÄÔö¼Ó,·ÊÅÖҲʹÈ˵ÄÐÎ̬ÃÀÊܵ½Ó°Ïì¡£Óɴ˼õ·ÊÒ²³ÉÁËÐÂÊÀ¼ÍÈËÃǽÏΪ¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µãÖ®Ò»¡£¶øÔ˶¯ÔÚ¼õ·Ê¹ý³ÌÖаçÑÝ×Ų»¿É»òȱµÄ½ÇÉ«¡£Èç½ñ¹ØÓÚÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄÑо¿Ç°ÈËÒѾÓÐÁ˺ܴóµÄ³É¹û,µ«ÊǶÔÓÚÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê·½·¨ÉÏÈÔ´æÔںܶàÎÊÌâ¡£Òò´Ë¸ÃÎÄͨ¹ý×ܽáÎÄÏ××ÊÁ϶ÔÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨½øÐÐdzҪ·ÖÎö,ÕÒ³öÆäÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ,²¢×÷dzҪ·ÖÎö,°ïÖúÈËÃÇÓÐЧµØ¿ØÖƲ¢¼õÇá×ÔÉíµÄÌåÖØ,´Ù½øÉç»á½¡¿µÖ¸ÊýÔö¼Ó¡£
¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º·ÊÅÖ; Ô˶¯¼õ·Ê; ÖеÍÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯; ´óÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯;
¡¡¡¡A Study on Modern Losing Weight Methods through Exercise
¡¡¡¡Niu Lili
¡¡¡¡Sport College of Henan University
¡¡¡¡Abstract£ºWith the overall development of the world economy,people's living standards have been improved significantly compared with half a century ago,and people's diet structure has undergone great changes.The overweight rate rose from 13 percent in 1992 to 30 percent in 2015,and the obesity rate rose from 3 percent to 12 percent.The number of people with diseases such as hypertension and diabetes caused by obesity has also increased significantly.Obesity also affects people's beauty.Therefore,weight loss has become one of the hotspot of people' s attention in the new century.And exercise plays an indispensable role in the process of losing weight.Now the research on exercise to lose weight predecessors has made great achievements,but there are still a lot of problems on exercise to lose weight.Therefore,by summarizing the literature,this papermakes a shallow analysis of the methods of exercise to reduce weight,finds out the existing problems,and makes a shallow analysis to help people effectively control and reduce their own weight,and promote the increase of social health index.
¡¡¡¡1 Ç°ÑÔ
¡¡¡¡Éç»áµÄ½ø²½´Ù½øÉú»îˮƽÌá¸ß£¬Ê¹ÈËÃǵÄÒûʳ½á¹¹Ïà±ÈÓÚ°ëÊÀ¼Í֮ǰ²úÉúÁ˼«´óµÄ±ä»¯£¬·ÊÅÖÈËÊýÒ²ËæÖ®Ôö¼Ó£¬·ÊÅֻᵼÖ¸÷ÖÖ¼²²¡µÃ·¢Éú£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÒÔÊÝΪÃÀµÄʱ´ú£¬·ÊÅÖ³ÉΪÈËÃÇËù¿àÄÕµÄÊÂÇéÖ®Ò»£¬ÓÈÆäÊǶÔÓÚÅ®ÐÔÀ´Ëµ£¬·ÊÅÖ»áÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìÐÎ̬ÃÀ£¬¶ø²ÉÓÃÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨½µµÍÌåÖ¬£¬Ôö¼ÓÊÝÌåÖسÉÁËÁ½È«ÆäÃÀµÄ·½·¨¡£¶ÔÓÚÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê£¬ÒѾÓÐÁ˱»ÈËÃǹ㷺½ÓÊܵÄÑо¿£¬È»¶ø£¬ÕâЩÑо¿¶àÓÐÖظ´£¬²»Äܹ»ÊÊÓÃÓÚËùÓÐÈË¡£
¡¡¡¡2 ·ÊÅÖ²úÉúµÄÔÒò
¡¡¡¡½üÄêÀ´£¬ÈËÀàµÄÉú»îˮƽµÃµ½Á˺ܴóµÄÌá¸ß£¬È»¶ø£¬Ïà¶ÔÓÚ°ëÊÀ¼Í֮ǰ£¬·ÊÅÖµÄÇàÉÙÄêÔö¼ÓÁË10±¶£¬ÆäÖÐ5-19ËêµÄÈËȺÖУ¬·ÊÅÖÕß´Ó1100ÍòÔö¼Óµ½ÁË1.24ÒÚ¡£·ÊÅÖÒ²»áµ¼Ö¸÷ÖÖ¼²²¡µÄ·¢Éú£¬ÀýÈçÌÇÄò²¡£¬¸ßѪѹµÈ£¬·ÊÅÖ»áÂýÂýÍþвÈËÃǵĽ¡¿µ£¬²¢Ê¹ÈËÌåµÄÍâÔÚÐÎ̬ÃÀÊܵ½ÑÏÖØÓ°Ïì¡£
¡¡¡¡È»¶ø·ÊÅÖ²úÉúµÄÔÒòÊÇʲôÄØ£¬Ê×ÏÈ·ÊÅÖÊÜÒÅ´«Ó°ÏìµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԽϴ󣬵÷²éÏÔʾ£¬60%—70%µÄ·ÊÅÖÕßÓмÒ×åÊ·£¬ÆäÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬Èç¹û¸¸Ä¸ÖÐÓÐÒ»·½·ÊÅÖ£¬·ÊÅֵķçÏÕÊÇ40%£¬¸¸Ä¸¶¼ÊÇ·ÊÅÖÕߵĻ°£¬ÄÇôºó´úµÄ·ÊÅֵĿÉÄÜÐÔ¿É´ï80%¡£ÈËÌå¸÷²¿Î»Ö¬·¾µÄº¬Á¿·Ö²¼£¬¼¡ÈâµÄÀàÐ͵ȾùÊܵ½ÒÅ´«µÄÓ°Ïì¡£Æä´Î·ÊÅÖÒ²Êܵ½ÒûʳµÄÓ°Ï죬Òûʳ¹ý¶ÈºÍÒûʳ²»¾ùºâ¾ù»á¼Ó´ó·ÊÅÖ²úÉúµÄ¿ÉÄÜ£¬¹ý¶ÈÒûʳ»áµ¼ÖÂÄÜÁ¿¹ýÊ££¬´Ó¶øʹ֬·¾¶Ñ»ý£¬²úÉú·ÊÅÖ¡£ÓÉÓÚÒûʳ¹ý¶È£¬¶øÔ˶¯²»×ãµ¼ÖÂÉãÈë´óÓÚÊä³ö£¬Ôì³ÉÖ¬·¾¶Ñ»ý£¬´Ó¶ø²úÉú·ÊÅÖ£¬Òûʳ²»¹æÂɽ«»áÓ°Ïìг´úл£¬¸øÏû»¯ÎüÊÕϵͳÔì³ÉÕÏ°¡£
¡¡¡¡3 Ô˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨
¡¡¡¡3.1 ÖеÍÇ¿¶È³¤Ê±¼ä³ÖÐøÐÔÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê
¡¡¡¡3.1.1 ¼õ·Ê»úÖÆ
¡¡¡¡ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê£¬¿Æѧ֤Ã÷£¬ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯Ç°15·ÖÖÓ£¬Ö÷ÒªÏûºÄµÄÒÔÌÇÀàΪÖ÷£¬»úÌåͨ¹ýÈýôÈËáÑ»·Ê¹ÌåÄÚµÄÌÇ·Öת»¯Îª¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍË®£¬ÒÔ±ÜÃâÌåÄÚÉãÈ¡µÄ¹ý¶àµÄÌÇ·Öת»¯ÎªÖ¬·¾´¢´æÓÚϸ°ûÖУ¬¼õÉÙÖ¬·¾À´Ô´¡£¶øÔÚÔ˶¯20—30·ÖÖÓʱ£¬ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯±ã¿ªÊ¼ÒÔȼÉÕÖ¬·¾ÎªÖ÷£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÔÚÖ¬·¾Ã¸µÄ×÷ÓÃÏ·ֽâΪ¸ÊÓͺÍÖ¬·¾Ëᣬ¸ÊÓͼÌÐøÔÚ¸ÊÓÍÁ×ËἤøµÄ×÷ÓÃÏ·ֽâΪ3-Á×Ëá¸ÊÓÍ£¬¾¹ýÁ×Ëá¸ÊÓÍÍÑÇâøµÄ´ß»¯Ö®ºó³¹µ×Ñõ»¯£¬ÔÚ¼¡È⹤×÷¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ËüÉãÈ¡ÌåÄÚÓÎÀëÖ¬·¾Ëᣬʹ֬·¾Ï¸°ûÖеÄÓÎÀëÖ¬·¾Ëá¼õÉÙ´Ó¶øËõС֬·¾Ï¸°ûµÄÌå»ý¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚ½øÐÐÓÐÑõÔ˶¯Ê±£¬ÒȸßѪÌÇËØ·ÖÃÚ×÷ÓðéËæ׎»¸ÐÉñ¾ÐË·ÜÐÔ¼ÓÇ¿¶ø¼ÓÇ¿¡£Á¬º«¡¢±Ï»áÃñ¡¢Íô±£»ªµÈ¶Ô30Ö»Çå½à¼¶WistarÐÛÐÔ´óÊó½øÐжÔÕÕʵÑéµÃ³ö¸ßÖ¬·½Ê½Î¹ÑøµÄ´óÊóµÄÉíÌå·¢ÉúÁËÒȵºËصֿ¹£¬¾¹ýÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ºóÕâÖÖÒȵºËصֿ¹ÓÐËù¸ÄÉÆ£¬ÒȵºËؾÍÊÇʹÆÏÌÑÌÇת»¯ÎªÄÜÁ¿µÄ¼¤ËØ¡£²¢ÇÒÓÐÑõÔ˶¯×éµÄ´óÊóÌåÄڵĵ°°×¼¤Ã¸B±í´ïˮƽÔö¸ß£¬ÔÚÈËÌåתÔËÆÏÌÑÌǵĹý³ÌÖе°°×¼¤Ã¸BÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óã¬Ñо¿±íÃ÷ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯Äܹ»Ê¹ÊÜËðµÄµ°°×¼¤Ã¸µÃµ½ÓÐЧ»Ö¸´¡£½ðÆä¹áͨ¹ý¶Ô¸ßÒûʳ´óÊó½øÐÐÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¸ÉÔ¤µÃ³ö½øÐÐ10ÖÜÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄ¸ßÒûʳ´óÊóµÄÄÜÁ¿ÏÔ×ÅϽµ£¬È»¶ø£¬ÕâÏîÑо¿²¢Ã»ÓеóöÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¶Ô¸ßÉÅʳιÑøµÄ´óÊóµÄ´úлÎÉÂÒÓлý¼«µÄÓ°ÏìµÄ½áÂÛ¡£
¡¡¡¡3.1.2 Ô˶¯ÏîÄ¿
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯¼õ·Ê±ØÐëÒªÇó¼õ·ÊÕß´ÓÊÂijÖÖÔ˶¯ÏîÄ¿£¬Ã»ÓÐÔ˶¯ÏîÄ¿£¬¾Í²»ÄܽøÐÐÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê¡£ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄÔ˶¯·½Ê½ÓкܶàÖÖ£¬¹úÄÚÍâÐí¶àѧÕßͨ¹ý°×Êó¶ÔÕÕʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷ÓÎÓ¾£¬×ß²½£¬ÂýÅÜ£¬»òÕßÀûÓÃרÃŵÄÔ˶¯Æ÷еµÈ¶¼ÄÜÃ÷ÏÔ¸ÄÉÆ·ÊÅÖ£¬Èç¹û½áºÏÒûʳ¸ÉÔ¤¡¢ÈáÈÍÁ·Ï°¡¢Á¦Á¿Á·Ï°£¬¼õ·ÊЧ¹û»á¸ü¼ÓÃ÷ÏÔ¡£ÔÚ´Óʼõ·ÊÔ˶¯ÏîĿʱ£¬×ß²½½áºÏÓÎÓ¾Ò²Äܹ»ÓÐЧµØ¼õ·Ê£¬ÒÑÓÐʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷£¬Èç¹ûÿÌìÄܹ»Á¬Ðø×ß3994²½±ã¿ÉÃ÷ÏÔ½µµÍÌåÄÚËùº¬Ö¬·¾£¬¶ø¿¼Âǵ½Ô˶¯¹ý³ÌµÄȤζÐÔ£¬×ß²½Î´ÃâÏÔµÃÎÞÁÄ£¬¶øÅÅÇò£¬ÀºÇò£¬ÓðëÇòµÈÔ˶¯ÔÚȼÉÕÖ¬·¾µÄͬʱ£¬¿ÉÔö¼ÓÔ˶¯µÄȤζÐÔ£¬ÒÔ±ãÈËÃÇÄܹ»¼á³Ö¶ÍÁ¶¡£Ë®ÉÏÔ˶¯ÊÇ×îÓÐÇ°¾°µÄ¼õ·ÊÔ˶¯£¬³ýÁËÓÎÓ¾£¬Ò²¿ÉÔÚË®ÖÐÐÐ×ߵȣ¬ÕâÑùµÄÔ˶¯·½Ê½¿ÉÒÔ½µµÍÔ˶¯¶Ô¹Ø½ÚµÄË𺦣¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÔö´óÔ˶¯Ê±µÄ×èÁ¦¡£
¡¡¡¡3.1.3 Ô˶¯Ç¿¶È
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯Ô±ÔÚ½øÐÐѵÁ·Ê±ÒªÓÃÔ˶¯¸ººÉµÄ´óСÑϸñ¿ØÖÆÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È¡£ÆÕͨÈËÔÚ½øÐÐÔ˶¯Ê±¸üÓ¦¸Ã¸ù¾ÝÄêÁä¡¢ÐÔ±ð¡¢ÉíÌå×´¿öµÈÑϸñ¿ØÖÆ×Ô¼ºµÄÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È£¬Ô˶¯Ç¿¶ÈÒ»°ãÓÃÐÄÂÊ£¬×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿µÈ±í´ï¡£×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿ÔÚÏÖʵÉú»îÖв»Ò˲âÁ¿£¬Í¨³£ÓÃ×î´óÐÄÂʱíʾ£¬ÓÐѧÕßÌá³ö£¬ÔÚ·ÊÅÖÕßÖУ¬Èç¹û·ÊÅÖÕßµÄÌåÄܽϺ㬽¨Òé²ÉÓÃ70%-85%×î´óÐÄÂÊ£¬Èç¹û·ÊÅÖÕßÌåÄÜÒ»°ãµÄ»°½¨Òé²ÉÓÃ60%-75%×î´óÐÄÂÊ£¬Èç¹û·ÊÅÖÕßÌåÄÜÉÔ²îÔò½¨Òé²ÉÓÃ50%-70%×î´óÐÄÂÊ¡£×î´óÐÄÂʵļÆË㷽ʽ£¨ÊÊÓÃÓÚÒ»°ãÈË£©£¨220-ÄêÁ䣩*0.8¡£
¡¡¡¡3.1.4 ¼õ·ÊЧ¹û
¡¡¡¡ºØÖÝѧԺÂÃÓÎÓ뽡¿µÑ§Ôº¡¢¹ãÎ÷Ãñ×åʦ·¶Ñ§ÔºÍ¨¹ý×ܽá¹úÄÚÍâµÄ¹ØÓÚÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¶Ô·ÊÅÖµÄÓ°Ï죬µÃ³ö4-6ÖܵĹæÂÉÐÔÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¶ÔÓÚȼÉÕ·ÊÅÖÕßÌåÄÚµÄÖ¬·¾ÓÐ×ŷdz£»ý¼«µÄ×÷Óá£Èç¹ûÅäºÏÒûʳÉϵĿØÖÆ£¬ÔÚÔ˶¯Ç°×öºÃ×¼±¸»î¶¯£¬ÔÚÔ˶¯ºó×öºÃÕûÀí»î¶¯½«Ê¹¼õ·ÊµÄЧ¹û¸ü¼ÓÃ÷ÏÔ¡£
¡¡¡¡3.2 ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê
¡¡¡¡3.2.1 ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê»úÖÆ
¡¡¡¡Ô˶¯ºó¹ýÁ¿ÑõºÄ£ºÓÐÑо¿±íʾ£¬Ö»Óе±Ô˶¯µÄÇ¿¶È´ïijÖÖãÐÖµÖ®ºó£¬¹ýÁ¿ÑõºÄ²Å»á·¢Éú£¬µÍÇ¿¶ÈµÄÔ˶¯ÊÇ´ï²»µ½ÕâÖÖãÐÖµµÄ£¬¶ø¸ßÇ¿¶ÈºÍÖÐÇ¿¶È¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½ÕâÖÖãÐÖµ¡£¸ßÇ¿¶ÈµÄÔ˶¯ÒԺ󣬹ýÁ¿ÑõºÄµÄ¹ý³Ì¿ÉÒÔȼÉÕµô180KcalµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬µ«ÊÇÖÐÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ºóÖ»ÄÜÏûºÄ12-25KcalµÄÈÈÁ¿¡£ºÉÀ¼Ñ§ÕßSarisWHÈÃ8Ãû½¡¿µµÄ·ÊÅÖÄÐÐÔ·Ö±ð½øÐдóÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯£¬ÒÔ50%-80%µÄÔ˶¯Ç¿¶È½øÐÐ3´Î£¬Ã¿´Î30minºÍµÍÇ¿¶ÈµÄÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ÒÔ38%Ô˶¯Ç¿¶È½øÐÐ3´Î£¬Ã¿´Î60min£¬Í¬Ê±±£Ö¤Éú´æÌõ¼þ£¬ÒûʳӪÑø£¬Ëù´¦»·¾³µÈ¸÷ÖÖ±äÁ¿Ïàͬ£¬²¢±£³ÖÔ˶¯ÖÐÁ½ÖÖÔ˶¯ÏûºÄµÄ×ÜÄÜÁ¿Ò»Ö¡£½á¹û·¢ÏÖ24СʱÄÜÁ¿×ÜÏûºÄÁ¿Ã»ÓÐÌ«´ó²î±ð¡£¸ÃʵÑé±íÃ÷£¬ÔÚȼÉÕµôµÄÄÜÁ¿Ò»ÑùµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯ËùʹÓÃʱ³¤ÊǵÍÓÚµÍÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄʱ³¤¡£ËùÒÔ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯¶ÔÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê²¢²»Ïñ´«Í³µÄ¹ÛµãÄÇÑù¶ÔÈËÌå²úÉú²»ÀûÓ°Ïì¡£
¡¡¡¡¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯ÓëÒûʳ£ºÐí¶àÈËÈÏΪÔ˶¯ºóʳÓû»áÔö¼Ó£¬ÉãÈë¸ü¶àµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬¶øÑо¿Ö¤Ã÷Ô˶¯ºó»á³öÏÖÔ˶¯ÐÔÑáʳ£¬µ«ÊÇÕâÖÖÏÖÏóά³ÖµÄʱ¼äºÜ¶ÌÔÝ£¬Òò´ËÒª¼á³Ö¹æÂÉÐÔÔ˶¯¡£Èç¹û³¤ÆÚ¼á³Ö¹æÂÉÐÔÔ˶¯£¬ÓÉÓÚÒûʳ¼õÉÙ£¬»úÌåµÄÄÜÁ¿³ÊÏÖ³ö¸ºÆ½ºâ״̬¿ÉÃ÷ÏÔ´ïµ½¼õ·ÊµÄЧ¹û¡£¼´Ê¹ÔÚÔ˶¯ÊýСʱÄÚ»á³öÏÖÒûʳÉÏÉýµÄÏÖÏ󣬻úÌåµÄÄÜÁ¿Ò²»áÒòΪ²¹³ä»úÌåµÄ¹ýÁ¿ÏûºÄ¶ø±£³Öƽºâ¡£
¡¡¡¡¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯ºÍÄÚ·ÖÃÚϵͳµÄ¹Øϵ£º´óÇ¿¶ÈÔ˶¯ºó»áʹ»úÌåµÄÉöÉÏÏÙ¼¤ËØÔö¼Ó£¬´Ó¶øʹÔ˶¯ºó»úÌåÈÔÄܱ£³Ö½Ï´óµÄÏûºÄÁ¿¡£ÈËÌåÔÚÔ˶¯ºó»á²úÉúijЩÊÊÓ¦ÐԱ仯´Ùʹ»úÌ徲ϢʱµÄ»ù´¡´úлÂÊÔö¼Ó£¬´Ì¼¤»úÌåÏûºÄÖ¬·¾¡£
¡¡¡¡3.2.2 ¸ßÇ¿¶ÈµÄ¼äЪÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊЧ¹û
¡¡¡¡ÈËÃÇÆÕ±éÈÏΪ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯ÓÉÓÚÔ˶¯Ê±¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¬»¹Ã»Óеȵ½»úÌ忪ʼȼÉÕÖ¬·¾Ô˶¯¾ÍÒѾ½áÊø£¬µ«ÊÇÃÀ¹úѧÕßPacheco-SanchezµÈͨ¹ý¶Ô50Ö»ÐÛÐÔ´óÊó·Ö×é½øÐÐʵÑ飬¹Û²ì³ö£¬¸ßÇ¿¶ÈºÍµÍÇ¿¶È×é±ðµÄ´óÊóÌåÄÚµÄÖ¬·¾Ô¶Ô¶µÍÓÚÎÞÔ˶¯×éµÄ´óÊ󣬲¢ÇÒ¸ßÇ¿¶È×éµÄ´óÊóÏûºÄµÄÖ¬·¾Ò²¸ßÓÚµÍÇ¿¶È×é¡£Byyner RWͨ¹ý¶Ô°ËÄоÅÅ®ÔÚ²»¿ØÖÆÒûʳµÄÇé¿öϽøÐзÖ×éʵÑ飬½á¹û·¢ÏÖ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯×éµÄµ¨¹Ì´¼ºÍ±¥ºÍÖ¬·¾ËáµÄÉãÈëÃ÷ÏÔϽµ£¬µ«ÊǵÍÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄ±¥ºÍÖ¬·¾ËáºÍµ¨¹Ì´¼µÄÉãÈëȴûʲôµÄ±ä»¯£¬ÊµÑéÖ¤Ã÷¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÐÔÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨ÔÚÏÖ´úÊÇ¿ÉÈ¡²¢ÓÐЧµÄ¼õ·ÊÊÖ¶ÎÖ®Ò»¡£
¡¡¡¡4 ÏÖ´úÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨ÖÐËù´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâÒÔ¼°Î´À´µÄÑо¿·½Ïò
¡¡¡¡×ÛÉÏ£¬Ä¿Ç°Ñо¿ÕßËùÑо¿µÄ¹ã·º±»ÈËÃÇËù²ÉÓõÄÖ÷ÒªµÄÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨±ãÊÇÖеÍÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ºÍ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯£¬ÕâÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨ÒѾ±»Ö¤Ã÷ÔÚ¼õ·ÊÖÐÕ¼ÓÐÍ»³öµÄµØλ£¬ÎªÈËÃÇ×·Ç󽡿µµÄÉú»îºÍÍêÃÀµÄÌå̬ÌṩÁËÓÐЧµØÊֶΣ¬ËäÈ»ÕâÁ½ÖÖÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨ÒѾ±»ÖÚ¶àѧÕßËùÑо¿£¬²¢ÇÒÓÐÁ˺ܴóµÄÊÕÒ棬µ«ÊÇÔÚʵÐеÄʱºòÈÔÈ»´æÔÚÐí¶àÎÊÌâ¡£
¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚ³¤Ê±¼äÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ÖеÄʱ¼äµÄ°ÑÎÕÎÊÌâÉÏ£¬ÖÚ¶àѧÕß»¹Ã»ÓÐÒ»ÖµĹ۵㣬ÔÚ½øÐÐÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄÑо¿Ê±¿ÉÒÔ´Ó²»Í¬ÄêÁä½×¶Î·ÊÅÖÕߺͲ»Í¬ÉíÌå×´¿öµÄ·ÊÅÖÕß×ÅÊÖ½øÐÐÑо¿£¬Î´À´¶ÔÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄÑо¿Ó¦¸ÃÃ÷È·¿ØÖÆÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈºÍÔ˶¯Ê±¼ä£¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö¶Ô²»Í¬ÄêÁä½×¶Î£¬ºÍ²»Í¬ÉíÌå×´¿öµÄÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê´¦·½¡£
¡¡¡¡´óÇ¿¶ÈÔ˶¯ÖеĴóÇ¿¶È¿ÉÒԴﵽʲô³Ì¶ÈÒ²ÊÇÄ¿Ç°´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ¡£¹úÄÚ¶ÔÓÚ´óÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄ·½·¨Ñо¿µÄ»¹ÊǽÏΪdzÏÔ£¬ÃÀ¹úµÚ¾Å°æµÄ¡¶ACSMÔ˶¯²âÊÔÓëÔ˶¯´¦·½Ö¸ÄÏ¡·ÖÐÌᳫÈËÃÇÔÚÔ˶¯¿ªÊ¼½×¶ÎÒÔ40%-60%×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿Ç¿¶È½øÐÐÔ˶¯£¬µ«ÊÇËæ×ÅÔ˶¯Ê±¼äµÄÔö¼Ó£¬Ô˶¯Ç¿¶ÈÒ²ÒªÏàÓ¦Ôö¼Ó£¬¸Ã½Ì²ÄÖй涨µÄ½Ï´óÇ¿¶ÈÊÇ60%×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿£¬µ«ÊÇûÓй涨×î´óÇ¿¶ÈÓ¦´ïµ½¶àÉÙ¡£¶øÔڸý̲ĵĵڰ˰æÖÐÌᳫµÄ¼õ·ÊÓ¦²ÉÓõÄÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈΪ50%-75%×î´óÉãÑõÁ¿Ç¿¶È¡£ËüÃÇÖ®¼ä»¹ÊÇ´æÔÚÃ÷ÏÔ²îÒì¡£Òò´ËÔÚ¸ßÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê·½ÃæÈÔÈ»ÐèÒªÑϸñ¿ØÖÆÇ¿¶È½çÏÞ£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÑо¿µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐÒªÑϸñ»®·ÖÄêÁä½×¶ÎºÍÉíÌå×´¿ö¡£
¡¡¡¡Î´À´µÄÑо¿¿É´Ó²»Í¬ÌåÖÊ£¬²»Í¬ÄêÁ䣬²»Í¬½¡¿µ×´¿ö·½Ãæ×ÅÊÖÑо¿¡£´Ó¶øʹÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¼õ·ÊµÄÔ˶¯Ç¿¶ÈºÍÔ˶¯Ê±¼äÄܹ»Êʺϴ󲿷ÖÈË¡£Ä¿Ç°µÄÑо¿´ó¶à´ÓÏûºÄÌåÄڶѻýµÄÄÜÁ¿ºÍÖ¬·¾·½Ãæ×öÑо¿£¬Ôڹ涨δÀ´Ñо¿·½Ïòʱ»¹¿ÉÒÔ½«Ô˶¯¼õ·ÊÓëÈËÃǵÄÉú»îÇé¾³ÏàÁ¬½ÓÆðÀ´£¬Ê¹Ô˶¯¼õ·Ê¸ü¾ßÓÐʵЧÐÔ¡£
¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
¡¡¡¡[1]ÔøÀò,·¿Ò˾ü.·ÊÅֵIJúÉú»úÖƼ°Ñо¿½øÕ¹[J].ÁÉÄþÌåÓý¿Æ¼¼,2006,(2):39-41.
¡¡¡¡[2]Á¬º«,±Ï»áÃñ,Íô±£»ª,ÁõϦ±ó,Àî¾¹.ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¶ÔÒȵºËصֿ¹´óÊó¸Éϸ°ûÖе°°×¼¤Ã¸B±í´ïµÄÓ°Ïì[J].ÖйúÁÙ´²¿µ¸´,2014,33(8):01-02.
¡¡¡¡[3]¸ßÆ·²Ù,Ðì¹ãÑÞ,³£ÓÀÄÈ,½ðÆä¹á.ÓÐÑõÔ˶¯ÁªºÏKGM¶Ô¸ßÖ¬ÉÅʳ´óÊóÒȵºËصֿ¹ÐγÉÖиÎÔàAdiponectin/PPARαͨ·µÄÓ°Ïì[J].ÖйúÀÏÄêѧÔÓÖ¾,2014,34(2):417-419.
¡¡¡¡[4]ÑîÏ×ÄÏ.ÏÖ´úÔ˶¯¼õ·Ê·½·¨Ñо¿½øÕ¹[J].¹þ¶û±õÌåÓýѧԺѧ±¨,2015,33(3):87-88.
¡¡¡¡[5]Áº»Ô,ºÎÓñÐã.·ÊÅÖÇàÉÙÄê¶ÔÁ½ÖÖÇ¿¶ÈÓÐÑõÔ˶¯µÄÉúÀí´úл·´Ó¦±È½Ï[J].ÖйúÌåÓý¿Æ¼¼,2006,42(5):132-135.
¡¡¡¡[6]ÁÖÔÆ,³ÂÎĺ×. 4ÖÜÓÐÑõÔ˶¯¶Ô·ÊÅÖ¶ùͯÇàÉÙÄêÐÎ̬Ѫ֬ºÍѪÒȵºËصÄÓ°Ïì[J].ÖйúÔ˶¯Ò½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾,2011,30(5):426-413.
¡¡¡¡[7]Íô¾ü,ÍõÈðÔª,ÌJÃ÷.¶Ô´óÇ¿¶È¼äЪÔ˶¯¼õ·Êй۵ãµÄ̽ÌÖ[J].¹ãÖÝÌåÓýѧԺѧ±¨,2007,(1):99-101.