摘 要
随着网络通讯技术和电子商务的快速发展，网上购物以其全面性、方便便捷、价优质廉等特点成为家喻户晓的生活消费方式，电子支付进而成为人们关注的焦点。第三方支付作一种新型的电子支付方式，在电子商务和信息技术的推动下，发展颇为迅猛。目前，我国第三方支付相关法律、法规尚不完善，伴随着第三方支付行业的飞速发展产生了一系列法律问题亟需解决。2010 年始，中国人民银行相继颁布了《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》及《实施细则》、《支付机构互联网支付业务管理办法（征求意见稿）》、《支付机构反洗钱和反恐怖融资管理办法》、《支付机构客户备付金存管办法》等一系列法规，用以规制第三方支付业务，完善第三方支付法律体系。但是，上述法规位阶低，仅在一定程度上解决了第三方支付部分法律问题。第三方支付行业依旧存在的法律定位不明确、沉淀资金归属不清晰、消费者权益保护机制不完善、监管缺失、金融犯罪风险、法律责任承担不清等一系列法律问题，完善第三方支付法律制度、健全第三方支付法律体系迫在眉睫。本文通过研究第三方支付法律规制的现状，厘清第三方支付及第三方支付法律平台的概念，分析第三方支付法律规制现状的不足，在此基础上顺应我国法治建设的潮流，借鉴国外先进经验，提出完善第三方支付相关法律体系，构建一套行之有效的第三方支付法律制度的具体法律建议，为现行法律、法规的完善提供绵薄之力，促进中国特色的社会主义法治道路的发展。
本文研究框架如下：绪论部分介绍了第三方支付发展现状及选题的意义，综述了第三方支付法律制度国内外研究现状，阐述了本文的创作思路及创新点，为下文第三方支付法律制度的探讨做了铺垫。本文主体部分共四章，第一章从第三方支付的法律界定入手，阐述了第三方支付的概念，介绍了第三方支付重要特征及其交易类型，界定了第三方支付机构的法律地位，剖析了第三方支付主体之间的法律关系。第二章从国内立法现状、第三方支付法律问题分析两个角度，阐述了国内第三方支付法律规制的现状，指出我国第三方支付存在法律监管机制不完善、消费者权益保护制度缺失、沉淀资金权属不清、金融犯罪风险、法律责任不明确等一系列法律问题，第三方支付法律制度亟需完善。
第三章分析了国外第三方支付法律规制现状，比较国内外相关法律制度，为我国完善第三方支付法律制度提供借鉴；第四章提出通过完善市场准入制度、消费者权益保护制度、资金安全监控制度、金融犯罪防范制度等第三方支付法律制度，逐步健全我国第三方支付法律体系。结语部分指出作者能力有限，撰写文章存在许多不足，但是作为一名法学研究生，希望自己的研究能够有利于第三方支付法律制度的完善。
关键词：第三方支付；支付宝；法律制度；法律关系
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of network communication technology and electroniccommerce, online shopping has become a famous way of life and consumption to everyfamily, for its comprehensiveness, convenient operation, high quality and low price and othercharacteristics, and electronic payment has become the focus of attention. The third partypayment as a new electronic payment methods, in the promotion of e-commerce andinformation technology, development is rapid. At present, the third party payment of relevantlaws, rules and regulations are not perfect, with the rapid development of the third partypayment industry,it brings a series of legal problems should be solved. Beginning in 2010, thepeople's Bank of China promulgated the “non financial institution payment servicesmanagement approach” and the “implementation rules”, “payment mechanism of Internetpayment business management approach”, “Payment institutions anti money laundering andanti terrorist financing management approach”, “payment of institutional clients cover savetube method” and a series of rules and regulations, in order to regulate the third party, perfectlegal system of the third party payment.However, the regulations of low rank, only to acertain extent solved the third party payment part. The third party payment of legallocalization industry still is not clear, sedimentation funds ownership is not clear, theconsumer rights and interests protection mechanism is not perfect, the lack of supervision,financial crime risk, legal responsibility is not clear and so on a series of legal problems,perfect third party payment legal system, perfect third party payment legal system isimminent. This paper studies the status of third party payment of legal regulation, clarify thepayment by the third party and three party payment platform concept, analysis of third partypayment status of lack of legal regulation, based on the adaptation of rule of law in ourcountry trends, learn from foreign experience, put forward to perfect the third party paymentrelated legal system, the establishment of an effective the third party payment of legal systemof specific legal advice, perfect for the existing laws, regulations contribute development roadof socialist rule of law, promote China's characteristics.
This paper studies the following framework: The introduction part introduced the thirdpayment development present situation and the significance of the topic, research status athome and abroad are reviewed the legal system of the third party payment, the creativethinking and innovation of this text, has made the upholstery for the discussion below thethird party payment system. The main part of this paper consists of four chapters, the firstchapter of the third party payment of legal definition, expounds the concept of the third partypayment, introduced the third party payment important characteristics and the transactiontype, defines the legal position of third party Internet payment agency, analyzed the thirdparty payment of legal relationship between the main body. The second chapter from thedomestic legislation, the third party payment analysis of two aspects, this paper expounds thepresent situation of domestic third party payment of legal regulation of third party payment inour country, points out the existence of legal supervision mechanism is not perfect, theconsumer rights and interests protection system deficiencies, sedimentation funds unclearownership, financial crime risk, legal liability is not clear and so on a series of legal issues,the third party payment of legal systems need improvement. The third chapter analyzes thethird party payment of legal regulation of the status quo, the relevant legal system at homeand abroad, for our country to improve the third party to provide reference to pay legalsystem; the fourth chapter put forward by improving market access system, system ofprotection of the rights and interests of consumers, capital safety monitoring system, financialcrime prevention system and three party payment system, and gradually improve third partypayment in our country legal system. The conclusion part pointed out the limited capacity ofthe author, writing has many deficiencies, but as a law graduate, hopes the research can helpthe perfection of the legal system of the third party payment.
Keywords:The third party payment; pay treasure; legal system; legal relationship
目 录
绪 论……1
（一）选题来源、背景和意义……1
1.选题来源……1
2.选题背景……1
3.选题意义……2
（二）国内外研究现状……2
1.国内研究现状……2
2.国外研究现状……5
（三）研究内容和创新之处……6
1.研究内容……6
2.创新之处……6
（四）研究思路和研究方法……7
1.研究思路……7
2.研究方法……7
一、 第三方支付的法律界定……8
（一）第三方支付基本理论……8
1.第三方支付的法律内涵……8
2.第三方支付的特征……8
3.第三方支付交易模式分析……9
（二）第三方支付机构法律属性……11
1.金融机构说……11
2.非金融机构说……11
3.准金融机构说……12
（三）第三方支付法律关系……12
1.第三方支付法律关系主体……12
2.第三方支付法律关系内容……13
3.第三方支付法律关系客体……14
二、我国第三方支付法律规制现状……15
（一）我国第三方支付立法现状分析……15
1.专门立法前对第三方支付进行规制的相关法律、法规分析……15
2.全面监管时代的第三方支付立法解析……15
（二）我国第三方支付中存在的法律问题……17
1.第三方支付法律监管机制不完善……17
2.第三方支付消费者权益保护制度缺失……19
3.第三方支付沉淀资金权属问题……21
4.第三方支付金融犯罪问题……22
5.第三方支付主体法律责任不明确……22
三、国外第三方支付法律规制及启示……26
（一）美国第三方支付法律规制……26
1.监管机制……26
2.消费者权益保护制度……27
3.资金安全监控机制……27
4.金融犯罪监管……27
（二）欧盟第三方支付法律规制……28
1.监管机制……28
2.消费者权益保护制度……29
3.资金安全监控机制……29
4.金融犯罪监管……29
（三）国外第三方支付法律制度对我国的启示……30
1.法律定位、管理思路不同……30
2.监管机构、模式不同……30
3.沉淀资金监管不同……31
四、完善我国第三方支付法律制度的建议……32
（一）加强立法，完善第三方支付监管机制……32
1.明确第三方支付机构的合法地位……32
2.完善第三方支付监管机构……32
3.完善第三方支付市场准入制度及退出机制……33
（二）加强第三方支付消费者权益保护……34
1.加强消费者隐私权保护……34
2.加强消费者知情权保护……34
（三）完善第三方支付沉淀资金及孳息归属制度……34
1.加强立法，明确沉淀资金归属……35
2.明确沉淀资金孳息归属……35
（四）完善第三方支付金融犯罪监管制度……36
1.加强第三方支付信用卡套现监管……36
2.加强第三方支付反洗钱监管……37
3.严惩第三方支付金融诈骗……37
（五）明确第三方支付法律责任……37
1.明确归责原则……37
2.明确用户的法律责任……38
3.明确第三方支付机构法律责任……38
结 语……39
参考文献……40
致 谢……43
