摘 要
当前，铁路正处于政企分开、货运改革的关键时期，铁路总公司积极推进运输组织方式改革，推行机车长交路和轮乘制、机车修程修制改革、世界领先技术的和谐型内燃和电力机车不断投入运用，全面优化运输生产力布局。事实证明，大力实施挖潜提效，利用有限的运输能力创造最大的经济效益，是缓解铁路阶段性、区域性能力紧张的有效措施。
机车是铁路运输的基本动力，线路的列车运行，车站内外的调车作业都由机车来完成。机车使用台数的多少、机车运用效率的高低都直接影响着铁路机务段的效益和质量指标。作为铁路运输发展战略中的一项重要内容，提高机车运用效率已经越来越提到重要的位置。如何合理运用机车、节约能源、提高铁路竞争力，已经成为铁路运输组织与管理中一项亟待解决的问题。
论文以提高货运机车运用效率作为研究对象，从机车使用情况、机车运用效率的影响因素及机车交路、乘务方式、运输指挥、机车质量保障体系等多方面研究，力求找到提高机车运用效率的有效途径和方法。
长交路重载轮乘制目前仍然是我国铁路主要的一种运输方式。论文对此进行了深入分析，从白城机务段机车运用情况入手，对影响机车运用效率的库内停时、外段外站停时、辅助作业时间、机车动态掌握、补机增多、施工限速影响、机车不匹配、临修故障多等九方面问题，进行了深入调查研究，找出了产生问题涉及到的路局调度指挥、车务部门行车组织和货流等不可控客观因素和本段调度员和机车基本质量等主观可控因素，着重对合理确定交路、科学调度指挥、提高牵引总重、缩短全周转时间、优化运用组织、加强质量管理等六个方面进行了较为系统深入的阐述。从实例可以看出，延长机车交路长度和改革值乘方式是提高机车运用效率的重要措施，论文对此以白城机务段为例举出实例加以说明。
论文围绕机车运用效率，列举了白城机务段机车运用的大量实例，并对各项实际数据进行了整理、分析，为理论研究提供了有说服力的证据和有效的补充。其中许多资料和实际做法，对其他机务段的机车使用也将具有一定的指导意义。
关键词：机车效率；提升策略；运用组织；质量保障。
Abstract
At present, the railway is in the key period of the reform of separation, freight,railway corporation actively promote the reform of transportation organization, theimplementation of locomotive Extended Routing and crew pooling system,locomotive maintenance system reform, the world's leading technology ofharmonious diesel and electric locomotive continue to put into use, fully optimizethe transport productivity arrangement. The fact proves, vigorously implement thepotential efficiency, use the limited transport capacity to create the greatesteconomic benefit, is the effective measure to ease regional capacity of railway stage,tense.
The locomotive is the basic power of railway transportation, train lines,shunting operation outside the station are accomplished by the locomotive. Thenumber of locomotives, locomotive application efficiency directly influences theefficiency and the quality index of railway locomotive depot. As an important part ofthe strategic development of the railway transportation, raise the locomotive usageefficiency has becoming more and more important position. How to use thelocomotive, energy saving, reasonable increase railway competitiveness, has becomean urgent problem to solve the railway transport organization and management.
In order to improve freight locomotive application efficiency as the researchobject, from the locomotive usage, the locomotive usage efficiency influence factorsand the locomotive routing, crew working system, transportation command, thelocomotive quality guarantee system and other aspects of research, trying to find theeffective ways to improve the locomotive usage efficiency and method.
The extended routing overload round by the system is still a major mode oftransport of China railway. The thesis carries on the thorough analysis, starting fromthe Baicheng locomotive depot applying condition, influence on the locomotiveusage efficiency in the library when stopping, outer segment outside the station stop,auxiliary operation time, locomotive dynamic master, repair machine, constructionspeed, increasing influence of locomotive does not match, temporary repair failuremore than nine aspects of problems, to a thorough investigation and study, find outthe subjective controllable factors resulting in problems related to RailwayAdministration dispatching department, vehicle traffic organization and the flow ofgoods and other uncontrollable objective factors and the period of the dispatcher andthe basic quality of locomotive, focuses on the reasonable determination of routing,scientific scheduling command, improve tractive weight, shorten the turnaround time,optimize the use of six an organization, strengthen the quality of management aredescribed more systematic and thorough. From the examples can be seen, prolongthe locomotive routing length and the use of locomotive crew is an importantmeasure to improve the locomotive usage efficiency, the thesis takes Baicheng as anexample cited examples.
The papers focus on the locomotive efficiency, lists Baicheng locomotivedepot by the large number of examples, and the actual data, analysis, theory researchprovides convincing evidence and effective supplement. Many of these data and theactual practice, the use of other locomotive depot will also have certain guidingsignificance.
Keywords:Locomotive efficiency; promotion strategy; the use of the organization; qualityassurance
目 录
摘 要……I
第 1 章 绪论……1
1.1 选题背景 ……1
1.2 研究意义 ……1
1.3 论文研究的主要内容及和方法 ……2
第 2 章 白城机务段机车运用效率的现状及问题分析……3
2.1 白城机务段概述 ……3
2.2 白城机务段机车运用效率的现状……3
2.3 白城机务段机车运用效率存在的问题……4
2.4 白城机务段机车运用效率问题的原因分析……9
第 3 章 白城机务段机车运用效率的提升策略……14
3.1 合理确定机车交路 ……14
3.2 加强科学调度指挥 ……17
3.2.6 优化机车运用组织 ……20
3.3 提高机车运输指标 ……21
3.3.3 提高机车操纵水平 ……24
3.4 加强机车检修和整备管理……25
第 4 章 白城机务段机车运用效率提升策略的保障措施……27
4.1 加强机车管理及保养整修……27
4.2 加强机车管理及保养整修的具体措施……28
4.3 加强机车乘务员待乘保休管理……32
结 论……34
参考文献……35
致 谢……38
