福斯特的生态学思想探究

       摘 要 改革开放以来我国经济快速发展，人民生活水平得到了显着提高。然而，这种高速发展背后也隐藏着一系列的生态问题。过去粗放式的经济增长模式严重破坏了我国的生态环境，水土流失、土地荒漠化、物种灭绝、雾霾、水污染等环境问题不断涌现，人们赖以生存的家园正遭受着严重的破坏。生态危机离我们的生活不再遥远，如何解决生态危机成为当前人们关注的焦点。本文认为，生态危机的解决要靠整个人类的智慧，既要结合本国实际，又要吸收人类的文明成果，从中提取精华，形成科学的生态学理论，以指导生态文明建设的实践。作为西方生态学马克思主义的代表人物，约翰·贝拉米·福斯特在生态学领域有着深厚的研究功底，其丰富的生态学思想为我国生态文明建设提供了重要的理论借鉴。因此，本文将用五个章节对福斯特的生态学思想进行研究。
　　
　　第一章对福斯特的生态危机理论进行了综述。这一部分简述了本文的选题依据和选题意义，从国内和国际两个方面对福斯特的生态学思想做了一个全面的综述，从而捋清了本文的研究思路，找到了恰当的研究方法，概括了本文的创新点和不足。
　　
　　第二章论述了福斯特生态危机理论产生的背景。本文认为资本主义与生态环境的冲突以及资本主义本身无法应对生态危机是福斯特生态危机理论产生的现实背景。马克思主义的生态学思想、西方马克思主义思想以及环保主义的理论等都是福斯特生态危机理论产生的理论来源。
　　
　　第四章对福斯特生态学马克思主义理论体系进行了评析。本文认为福斯特的生态危机理论既有合理性又有局限性。福斯特的生态学马克思主义理论为人类摆脱生态学困境找到了出路，但他并没有从根本上解决现存的生态危机，更没有全面地了解马克思主义的精髓。第五章阐述了福斯特生态危机理论对我国生态文明建设的启示。本文认为我国的生态文明建设要坚持社会主义制度，要认识生态文明价值，建立生态文明意识，要以生态价值为基础，建立人与人的生态关系，践行“五大发展理念”.
　　
　　关键词：福斯特，生态危机理论，生态文明建设
　　
　　Abstract：Since the reform and opening up, China's economicdevelopment rapidiy, people's living standards has beensignificantly improved, however, this kind of rapid development isalso hidden behind a series of ecological problems. Past extensivemode of economic growth severely damaged the country'secological environment, soil erosion, desertification, speciesextinction, smog, water pollution and some other phenomenasappear constantly, the homes that people depend on for survivalare seriously damaged. Ecological crisis is no longer far from us,how to solve the ecological crisis has become the focus of currentpeople. This paper argues that the solution of ecological crisisdepends on the wisdom of human beings. In order to guide thepractice of construction of ecological civilization, we shouldcombine their own reality, absorb the achievements of humancivilization, extract essence, form the scientific theory of ecology.As a representative of the Western Ecological Marxism researchers,John Bellamy Forster has a deep knowledge of the study in thefield of ecology.The rich ecology writings from him provideimportant theoretical reference for the construction of ecologicalcivilization in China. Therefore, this article will use five chapters tostudy the ecological thought of Forster.

    In the first chapter, Forster's ecological crisis theory has beenreviewed. This part briefly introduces the background andsignificance of the topic. Make a comprehensive review to clear theideas of this research from two aspects of domestic andinternationa.And find the appropriate research methods,summarize the innovation and shortcomings.
　　
　　The second chapter discusses the background of Forster'secological crisis theory. This paper indicates that the realisticbackground of Forster's ecological crisis theory is the conflictbetween capitalism and the ecological environment and thecapitalism can not deal with the ecological crisis. The thought ofMarxist ecology, Western Marxism and the theory ofenvironmentalism are the theoretical origins of Foster's ecologicalcrisis theory.
　　
　　In the third chapter, the main contents of Forster's ecologicalcrisis theory has been systematically analyzed. Foster describedthe degree and characteristics of ecological crisis by using thedefinition of ecological crisis.He pointed out that the capitalistsociety made ecological environment destruction, revealed theultimate source of ecological crisis--the capitalist system,discussed the solution of ecological crisis.The fourth chapter makes a comment on Forster's ecologicalMarx theory system. This paper considers that Forster's theory ofecological crisis is both reasonable and limited. Forster's ecologicalMarx theory has found a way out for human beings to get rid of theecological dilemma, but he has not fundamentally solved theexisting ecological crisis, but also did not fully understand theessence of the Marx doctrine.
　　
　　The fifth chapter expounds the Enlightenment of Forster'secological crisis theory to the construction of ecological civilizationin China. This paper considers that the construction of ecologicalcivilization in China should adhere to the socialist system, tounderstand the value of ecological civilization, to establish a senseof ecological civilization, to be based on the ecological value, toestablish the ecological relationship between people.
　　
　　Key words:Forster, Ecological Crisis Theory, Ecological civilizationconstruction.

      目 录

第 1 章 绪论...............................................................................................1
1.1 选题依据与意义 ............................................................................1
1.1.1 选题依据 ...............................................................................1
1.1.2 选题意义 ..............................................................................2
1.2 国内外研究现状 ...........................................................................2
1.2.1 国内相关研究综述 ..............................................................2
1.2.2 国外相关研究综述 ..............................................................3
1.3 研究思路与方法 ...........................................................................4
1.3.1 研究思路 ..............................................................................4
1.3.2 研究方法 ..............................................................................5
1.4 创新点与不足 ...............................................................................5
1.4.1 文章的创新点 .......................................................................5
1.4.2 文章的不足之处 ...................................................................5
第 2 章 福斯特生态危机理论的产生背景..............................................6
2.1 福斯特生态危机理论产生的现实背景 .......................................6
2.1.1 资本主义与生态环境的冲突 ..............................................6
2.1.2 资本主义最终无法应对生态危机 ......................................6
2.1.3 环境保护运动呼吁新的生态理论 .......................................7
2.2 福斯特生态危机理论的思想来源 ...............................................8
2.2.1 马克思的生态学思想 ..........................................................8
2.2.2 西方马克思主义思想 ..........................................................9
2.2.3 西方环境保护理论 .............................................................10
第 3 章 福斯特生态危机理论的内容 ....................................................12
3.1 关于生态危机及其特征的基本判断 .........................................12
3.1.1 生态危机的定义 .................................................................12
3.1.2 生态危机的程度 .................................................................13
3.1.3 生态危机的特征 .................................................................14
3.2 资本主义本质上是反生态的 .....................................................15
3.2.1 资本主义生产目的的反生态性 .........................................15
3.2.2 资本主义市场和技术的反生态性 .....................................16
3.3 对资本主义进行生态批判 .........................................................17
3.3.1 科学技术解决生态危机的谬论 .........................................17
3.3.2 市场解决生态危机的谎言 .................................................18
3.3.3 对生态帝国主义的批判 .....................................................19
3.4 解决生态危机的路径 ..................................................................21
3.4.1 生态道德革命 .....................................................................21
3.4.2 生态社会主义革命 .............................................................22
第 4 章 福斯特生态危机理论的评析 ....................................................23
4.1 福斯特生态危机理论的合理性 ..................................................23
4.1.1 丰富和发展了马克思主义生态学 .....................................23
4.1.2 开拓了可持续发展的研究内容 .........................................24
4.1.3 超越了以往的环境理论 .....................................................24
4.2 福斯特生态危机理论的局限性 .................................................25
4.2.1 用生态危机代替社会危机 .................................................25
4.2.2 对生态社会主义构想的理想化 .........................................26
第 5 章 生态危机理论对中国生态文明建设的启示............................28
5.1 坚持社会主义制度，加强生态文明建设 ..................................28
5.1.1 发挥社会主义的优越性 .....................................................28
5.1.2 加强生态文明建设 .............................................................28
5.2 充分认识生态文明的价值，增强生态危机的意识 ..................30
5.2.1 生态文明建设的提出 .........................................................30
5.2.2 加强生态基础教育 .............................................................31
5.3 以生态价值为基础，践行“五大发展理念” .........................32
5.3.1 坚持科学发展，建立生态关系 .........................................32
5.3.2 合理使用科学技术，实现绿色发展 .................................34
结 论...................................................................................................37
参考文献...................................................................................................38
致 谢...................................................................................................41