摘 要
环境保护禁止令是法院依申请或依职权，在环境诉讼案件的最终判决作出前，向环境损害行为主体发出的，以禁止其继续实施环境损害行为或命令其采取必要的补救措施或撤销具体行政行为为主要内容的书面裁定。本文论述的环境保护禁止令制度以现行的民事诉讼法基本理念为指导，批判吸收民事诉讼法中关于诉讼保全的一般程序性规定，保护权利人的绝对权而产生的一项救济制度。通过《环境法》进行规定，让程序性规范通过实体法进行表达，具有制度创新的示范效应。
本文研究从令和禁止令着手，并考察禁止令的发展历史，以及英美法系、大陆法系国家关于禁止令制度的规定，全面审视我国立法目前关于禁止令制度的相关规定。在此基础上形成本文对环境保护禁止令概念以及环境保护禁止令制度的认识。
构建环境保护禁止令制度的正当性分析主要从法学理论依据和事实依据入手。公平正义理论和权利救济理论是构建环境保护禁止令制度的理论依据。环境保护禁止令制度是对法律公平正义价值的契合与追求；满足与实现保护救济当事人的权利及维护良好生态环境的需求。实践依据方面，立法对环境公益诉讼的肯定和环保法庭的实践探索扩大了环境保护禁止令的适用空间；通过试点成功的环境保护禁止令制度实践总结经验教训，为制度研究提供了新的素材和佐证，为程序规则的具体设计指明方向。
环境保护禁止令制度的构建主要围绕基本原则和内容设计两个方面进行。构建环境保护禁令制度有两个基本原则，即公平正义原则和利益衡量原则。
前者主要从矫正正义和程序正义两方面进行解读，既要矫正环境损害主体的损害行为，从实体上维护生态环境利益与受害人的权利；又从程序设计上为其提供充分保障，合理安排当事人的诉讼权利和义务。利益衡量原则要求法院依法判案的同时，充分权衡双方当事人利益，做出合理的价值判断。在构建环境保护禁止令制度过程中体现实体的妥当性和程序的合法性。
环境保护禁止令的内容主要包括禁止令管辖、申请的审查、禁止令的审理、禁止令的执行、禁止令的救济五个方面。
关键词：禁止令，环境损害，环境保护禁止令，公平正义，权利救济
ABSTRACT
Injunction of the environmental protection is the written orders issued by a court inaccordance with application or power to actors who pollute or damage environmentaccording to applies of parties before the final judgment, which mainly consists ofprohibiting actors from harming environment or requiring them to adopt someremedial measures or undoing the specific administrative. It is a relief measures toprotect the entity rights of the individual which was based on the current civil litigationbasic concept and the basic framework and critically absorbed general procedural rulesof civil procedure. Establishing the study on the injunction systems of theenvironmental protection in the environmental law has the innovation demonstrationeffect by express the procedural norms through substantive law.
The article discusses the meaning of orders and injunctions firstly. It reviews thedevelopment history of the injunctions and injunction system of Anglo-American lawsystem and continental law system countries; it reviews about injunction system ofrelevant laws and regulations in our country at present. Finally it had the formation ofunderstanding of environmental injunction concept and the system of environmentalinjunction.
Theory of justice and rights relief theory are the theoretical basis of constructingthe system of environmental injunction. The system fits the value of fairness andjustice which is the pursuit of the legal system; it is the meet and implementation to theright remedy of the parties and maintenance requirements of good ecologicalenvironment form the rights relief theory. In practice, the use of space of theenvironmental injunction has been expanded through the affirmation of legislation andpractice explore about environmental public interest litigation. Summing up experienceand lessons through the successful pilot, and provides the new material and evidencefor establishing the system, points out the direction for the design and improvement ofthe rules of procedure.
The construction of environmental injunction system mainly includes two aspects:basic principles and contents.
Justice and interest measure are two basic principles of establishing environmentalinjunction system. Justice principles mainly include two aspects: corrective justice andprocedural justice. It ensures the right of the victim from the entity through correctingthe infringer's infringement behavior; At the same time it provides security from aprocedure to reasonably arrange of the litigation rights and obligations of the parties.
Principle of benefit measure asks the court to measure both parties'interests, and makereasonable value judgment. Principle of benefit measure expresses legitimacy of theentity and reasonable procedure in the environmental injunction system.
Environmental injunction's content includes five aspects that the jurisdiction of theinjunction, the review of application, the judge of applies, the enforcement of rules andthe relief of injunction.
Key words: injunction, environmental damages, injunction of the environmentalprotection, environmental justice, right remedies
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
1 引 言
2 环境保护禁止令制度概述
2.1 环境保护禁止令的概念
2.2 禁止令制度的历史探源
2.2.1 罗马法禁令
2.2.2 国王令状
2.2.3 衡平法禁止令
2.3 我国立法关于禁止令的规定
2.3.1 民事基本法中关于禁止令的规定
2.3.2 特别法关于禁止令的规定
2.4 环境保护禁止令制度的立法定位
2.4.1 环境保护禁止令的性质
2.4.2 环境保护禁止令制度的目标
2.4.3 环境保护禁止令的适用范围
2.5 相似概念的比较
2.5.1 环境保护禁止令与财产保全的区别
2.5.2 环境保护禁止令与先予执行的区别
3 构建我国环境保护禁止令制度的正当性分析
3.1 构建环境保护禁止令制度的法理学依据
3.1.1 法的正义价值理论
3.1.2 权利救济理论
3.2 构建环境保护禁止令制度的实践依据
3.2.1 立法对环境公益诉讼的肯定
3.2.2 试点试行“禁止令”制度的成功先例
4 域外禁止令制度考察及启示
4.1 英美法系禁止令制度考察
4.1.1 英国临时禁令制度
4.1.2 美国的禁令制度
4.2 大陆法系禁止令制度考察
4.2.1 德国的假处分制度
4.2.2 日本的保全制度
4.3 域外禁止令制度考察对我国的启示
5 我国环境保护禁止令制度的具体构建
5.1 构建环境保护禁止令制度的基本原则
5.1.1 公平正义原则
5.1.2 利益衡量原则
5.2 环境保护禁止令制度的内容
5.2.1 环境保护禁止令的管辖
5.2.2 环境保护禁止令的审查
5.2.3 环境保护禁止令的审理
5.2.4 环境保护禁止令的执行
5.2.5 环境保护禁止令的救济
结 语
致 谢
参考文献
