摘 要
调解制度，是中国的一项很有民族文化传统和特色的法律制度，它受“无讼是求”、“以和为贵”的传统法律价值观影响，强调和追求和谐，体现的是国家本位。由于其迎合了统治者的政治需求，符合中国大众对“中庸”、“和谐”文化的价值认同以及对于“无讼”的向往，因而成为了中国传统法律文化中的一项重要司法制度。
我国的人民调解制度是广大人民群众在反抗封建地主统治、翻身求得解放的土地革命时创立起来的。到了抗日战争时期，革命政权处于强敌包围之中，如何有效化解社会纷争、团结一致赢得战争成为了这一时期亟待解决的问题，从而使得人民调解制度在这一阶段得到了进一步的发展。当时的陕甘宁边区、山东抗日民主根据地、晋察冀边区、苏中区等地乡村都设有调解组织，各边区政府也通过颁布命令、条例的形式鼓励调解活动的开展，使人民调解工作进入了一个新的发展阶段，不论调解的组织形式还是调解的内容和程序都有了进一步的充实和完善。
由抗战时期的调解实践不难看出，强化人民调解在纠纷解决机制中的地位和作用，可以将纠纷消灭在萌芽状态、化解在基层，这种高效低成本的纠纷解决方式，在维护纠纷双方的和谐关系，实现个人效益和社会效益的最大化等方面起到较大作用，对于当今社会主义和谐社会建设具有重大意义。在社会不断发展的今天，人民调解制度为消除人们利益冲突、实现价值与机会的平衡需求以及新的纠纷解决机制的构建提供了保障。当前，随着国际、国内对和谐社会的认同，扎根于传统调解之上的人民调解，已引起了法学理论界与司法实务界的共同关注。因此，为了能够从深层次认识人民调解制度的社会价值，促进、指导和完善当代的人民调解制度，从法律文化的视野中谈论抗日战争时期的人民调解制度，对现阶段我国既吸收传统法律文化精髓又迎合时代发展需求的法律制度的探索与发展非常必要，对我国构建社会主义和谐社会也有着极其重要的理论意义与实践价值。
本论文共分为三个部分：
第一部分：抗日战争时期人民调解制度的一般理论分析。首先，从概念的界定入手，对调解制度的概念、制度生成的内在机理以及调解制度的历史发展进行初步探讨，进而对抗日战争时期人民调解制度进行阐释，对比分析了抗战时期人民调解与以往调解制度以及同时期其他纠纷解决方式的差异，突出了抗日战争时期人民调解制度的特性及重要性；其次，对抗日战争时期人民调解制度的文化底蕴加以分析，从法律文化以及法社会学的角度挖掘抗战时期人民调解得以产生、发展、壮大的根源；最后，着眼于法学理论的角度，从公平、自由、效率三个方面阐述了抗日战争时期人民调解制度的价值基础，为后文的论述打下了坚实的理论基础。
第二部分：抗日战争时期人民调解的制度构建与运作。从抗日战争时期人民调解制度的史料入手，对抗日战争时期人民调解的具体制度架构进行分析，指出了当时党的群众路线和各个根据地出台的法规为人民调解制度的形成提供了现实依据，进而对制度的具体设计进行分析，分别从调解的组织形式、调解原则、调解范围、调解模式、调解结果以及当时人民调解的典型事例加以剖析，以求再现抗日战争时期人民调解制度的全貌。
第三部分：抗日战争时期人民调解制度的评价与启示。首先，探讨了抗战时期人民调解制度的价值；这一时期的人民调解紧紧围绕党深入贯彻群众路线的宗旨，坚持司法为民原则将纠纷化解在基层，为抗战的进行节约了相当一部分司法资源。其次，揭示了制度的缺陷，指出抗日战争时期人民调解制度的法制化程度不够高、内容设计存在缺陷、价值取向不够明确；再次，指出了制度的当代启示。抗日战争时期的人民调解制度为当代社会的和谐发展提供了经验，为大调解机制的构建提供了“本土资源”.
关键词：抗日战争时期 人民调解制度 理论分析 制度运作
Abstract
The mediation system is a special legal system of China with national cultural traditionand characteristics. It is influenced by the traditional legal values of “no suit” and “harmony”.It is the embodiment of national standard. Harmony is what it emphasizes and pursues. It hascatered to the political needs of the rules and it meets the yesrning of “no suit” and cultureidentity to “the golden mean” and “harmony” of the mass in China. That is why it became animportant judicial system in traditional legal culture of China.
The people's mediation system in our country is founded when the broad masses of thepeople resist the feudal landlord rule and turn over to acquire liberation in agrarianrevolutionary. During the Anti Japanese War period when the revolutionary regime is in theenemy siege, how to resolve social disputes effectively in order to be united as one to win thewar has become an urgent problem to be solved in this period. Therefore the people'smediation system has further developed at this stage. At the time, Shaanxi-Gansu-NingxiaBorder Region, Shandong Anti Japanese Democratic base area, Shanxi Chahar Hebei borderarea, Su central area and other places are all equipped with the mediation organization in thevillages, the border region government also issued orders and regulations to encouragemediation activities, so that the people's mediation work has entered a new stage ofdevelopment. The forms, the contents and the applications of the mediation have been furtherenriched and perfected.
From the mediation practice in Anti Japanese war, we can see the position and thefunction of strengthening the people's mediation in disputes resolving. Disputes can be nippedin the bud and dissolved in basic level, this kind of high efficiency and low cost way to settledisputes plays an important role in the maintenance to the harmonious relationship of bothsides of the dispute and in achieving maximized personal benefits and social benefits, it hasgreat significance for the construction of socialist harmonious society.Today, the society isdeveloping continuously. People's mediation system provides a guarantee for eliminatingpeople's interest conflices, for achieving the balance of demand value and opportunity and forthe construction of new dispute settlement mechanism. At present, along with theinternational, domestic identity to harmonious society, the people's mediation which is rootedin traditional mediation has aroused the common concern of theoretical circles and practicalcircles. Therefore, in order to be able to understand the deep social value of people'smediation system, and to promote, guide and improve the people's mediation system in thecontemporary, talking about people's mediation system in Anti Japanese War from the legalculture field of vision, is very necessary at this stage for the exploration and development ofthe legal system in our country, which absorbs the essence of traditional legal culture andmeets the needs of the development of the times, and it also has the extremly important theorysignificance and practical value for the construction of a socialist harmonious society in ourcountry.
This paper is divided into three parts:
Part one: the general theoretical analysis of people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese war. First of all, starting from the definition of the concept, the developmenthistory of mediation system concept, system generated and the inner mechanism of themediation system is discussed, and then elaborates on the people's mediation system duringthe period of Anti Japanese War, comparative analysis of the Anti Japanese war in the pastpeople's mediation and mediation system as well as other dispute resolution differences,highlighting the characteristics and significance of people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese War; secondly, the people's mediation system in the period of Anti Japanesewar culture analysis, mining the people's mediation during the Anti Japanese War to rootcauses, development, and expansion of the legal culture from the angle of sociology and law;finally, focus on the perspective of legal theory, from three aspects of justice, freedom,efficiency describes the value foundation of the people's mediation system in the period ofAnti Japanese War, after the exposition, to lay a solid theoretical foundation.
Part two: the construction of the people's mediation system and operation during theperiod of Anti Japanese war. Starting from the people's mediation system in the period of thewar of the historical data, the specific institutional framework of the people's mediation in theperiod of Anti Japanese war is analyzed, and points out that at the time the party's mass lineand each according to the regulations of the people's mediation system is formed to provide arealistic basis, then the specific model design of system analysis, are analyzed from themediation in the form of organization, the principle of mediation, mediation, conciliation,mediation scope model results and at the time the people's mediation in order to reproduce thetypical case, the people's mediation system in the period of anti Japanese War picture.
Part three: the evaluation and Enlightenment of people's mediation system in the periodof Anti Japanese war. First of all, discusses the value of people's mediation system in theperiod of Anti Japanese war. During this period the people's mediation closely around theparty aim thoroughly implement the mass line, insist on the principle of justice for the peopleto resolve disputes at the grass-roots, saves a considerable part of judicial resources for thewar of resistance against japan. Secondly, reveals the defects of the system, and points outthat the legal system degree of people's mediation system in the period of Anti Japanese war isnot high enough, the content design defects, the value orientation is not clear enough. Thirdly,points out the contemporary inspiration of the system. The people's mediation system in AntiJapanese War provided the experience for the harmonious development of the society andprovides the “native resources” for the constuction of multipartite mediation mechanism.
Key Words: The period of Anti Japanese War People's mediation system Theoreticalanalysis The operation of the system
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引 言1
一、 抗日战争时期人民调解制度的一般理论分析
（一） 概念界定
1. 调解制度的概念
2. 抗日战争时期人民调解制度的界定
（二） 文化底蕴
1. “无讼是求”的传统法律价值观
2. “以和为贵”的价值取向
3. 乡土社会的秩序诉求
4. 民间法的历史惯性
（三） 理论基础
1. 公平：调解所追求的结果
2. 自由：调解的内在价值
3. 效率：调解要达到的目标
二、 抗日战争时期人民调解的制度构建与运作
（一） 制度构建的现实依据
1. 政策依据：中国共产党的群众路线
2. 法律依据：各根据地的法规建设
（二） 制度的结构分析
1. 形式多样的调解组织
2. 较为完善的调解原则
3. 适用面较为宽泛的调解范围
4. 各具特色的调解模式
5. 以书面手续为依据的调解结果
（三） 制度的实际运作
三、 抗日战争时期人民调解制度的评价与启示
（一） 制度的价值
1. 贯彻群众路线，获得了群众拥护
2. 坚持司法为民，提高了司法效率
3. 节约司法资源，不耽误生产
（二） 制度的缺陷
1. 法制化程度不够高
2. 内容设计存在缺陷
3. 制度应有的价值未能充分体现
（三） 制度的当代启示
1. 为社会和谐发展提供经验
2. 为大调解机制的构建提供“本土资源”
结 论
参考文献
后 记
