摘要
拥有 13 亿人口的中国，温饱问题是头等大事，而温饱的解决要靠农业支持，一个国家如果不能解决自己的粮食问题而受制他人，那么自力更生就无从谈起。进入 21 世纪以来尤其是“新农村建设”及“和谐社会”的提出使得农业问题更加突出，城乡收入差距的扩大、自然灾害的频繁发生加剧了农业问题，解决手段之一便是提高农业产出，让农民少受灾害的影响。这就涉及农业保险，发展农业保险，不仅有助于农民规避农业生产经营所面临的不确定性风险，对农业生产加以保护和支持，而且对于有效服务“三农”、满足广大农民的保障需求和广大农业龙头企业融资需求，具有十分重要的意义。
2004 年法国安盟农业相互保险公司进入中国，让很多中国的有识之士看到相互保险模式在农业保险方面的优势。很多学者开始在这方面展开深入研究。中国自己的农业相互保险公司在经过十几年的探索于 2005 年在政府的鼓励下迅速成立，标志着农业保险在中国的保险市场上正式成为一个重要组成部分。阳光公司成立以来在农业保险方面取得了迅速的发展。
但也要看到我国在农业保险方面遇到的瓶颈，农业保险经营的商业化及农业风险的集中化和巨灾倾向严重。使很多商业保险公司不愿涉及农险，有的公司加入农业保险的行列也是避重就轻，在风险小经营利润大的地区开展农业险，而对农业险需求非常强烈的农业风险大的地区却望而却步。这与中国目前在农业险方面的大环境有关，政府在农业保险方面的财政支持不够，风险基本由公司自己承担；农业保险法律和风险分散机制等方面的建设严重不足。政府应该加快解决农业保险问题，组建自己的农业风险分散机制，完善农业保险法律，促进本国农业相互保险的发展。
关键词：相互保险 农业保险 强制保险
Abstract
With a population of 1.3 billion in China, the problem of food and clothing is a toppriority, and the solution of the food and clothing depends on agricultural support, if acountry can not solve the problem of their own food, and depend on others, soself-reliance is impossible. Since the 21st century, especially the new countrysideconstruction and “harmonious society” is put forward that agricultural problems becomemore prominent, the expansion of urban-rural income gap, the frequent natural disastersexacerbated the agriculture problem, one solution is to increase agricultural output, to letfarmers less affected by disasters. That has implications for agricultural insurance,agricultural insurance development, not only help farmers avoid uncertainty of the riskfaced by agricultural production, management, protection and support for agriculturalproduction, and for effective service “three rural”, meet the demand of the guarantee ofthe broad masses of farmers and the general agricultural leading enterprises financingneeds, has the very vital significance.
In 2004 the French GROUDPAMA agricultural mutual insurance company join inChina, make a lot of Chinese people awareness mutual insurance mechanism haveadvantage in agricultural insurance. Many scholars study has been carried out in thisregard. China's own agricultural mutual insurance company after years of explorationwas established in 2005 under the government encouragement, marks the agriculturalinsurance in China's insurance market became an important part of. since thesunlightcompany establishment the agricultural insurance has achieved rapiddevelopment.
But we should discover the bottleneck in the agricultural insurance in our country,the commercialization of agricultural insurance management and agricultural risktendency of centralization and catastrophe. Don't want to make a lot of commercialinsurance company involved in agricultural risk, some company to join the agriculturalinsurance is the brief, in a small operating profit risky areas to carry out the agriculturalrisks, and to the agricultural insurance demand is very strong and agricultural riskdeterred big area. This is associated with the recently environment, the governmentfinancial support for agricultural insurance is not enough, basic risk borne by thecompany itself; Agricultural insurance law and the insufficient risk disperse mechanismaspects of construction. The government should speed up solve the agricultural insuranceproblem, form their own agricultural risk disperse mechanism, perfect the agriculturalinsurance law, promote the development of it.
Keywords: mutual insurance agricultural insurance compulsory insurance
目录
摘要……I
Abstract……II
绪论……1
0.1 研究背景及意义……1
0.2 相关文献综述……1
0.3 研究内容与研究方法……3
0.3.1 研究内容……3
0.3.2 研究方法……3
0.4 创新之处与可能的不足……4
1.案件介绍……5
2.阳光农业相互保险公司的运营特点及发展现状……7
2.1 阳光农业相互保险在农险中的优劣势分析……7
2.1.1 阳光农业保险公司优势……7
2.1.2 阳光农业保险公司的劣势……8
2.2 阳光农业相互保险公司在经营中面临的问题……9
2.2.1 农业保险经营亏损……9
2.2.2 缺乏法律保障……11
2.2.3 缺少完善的财政制度支持……12
3.国外农业相互保险成功经验对我国的启示……14
3.1 法国农业相互保险的发展启示……14
3.1.1 健全的农业保险法律体系……15
3.1.2 政府政策支持……15
3.1.3 公司的经营策略……16
3.2 日本农业相互保险的经验……17
3.2.1 健全的农业保险法律……17
3.2.2 自由与强制相结合的保险方式……18
3.2.3 国家的财政支持……19
3.2.4 发达的农业再保险机制……19
3.2.5 农业保险机构运作效率高……20
3.3 日法农业相互保险经验比较……20
4 推动我国农业相互保险良性发展的策略选择……21
4.1 提升农民参保水平的策略……21
4.1.1 提高政府保费的补贴比率……21
4.1.2 走强制保险和自愿保险相结合的道路……22
4.1.3 建立完善的农业相互保险体系……23
4.2 提升保障水平的策略……23
4.2.1 建立多层的农业再保险机制……23
4.2.2 建立巨灾保险资金……23
4.2.3 实行以险养险的保险经营策略……24
4.3 提升公司的积极性策略……24
4.3.1 对农业相互保险公司给予财政优惠……24
4.3.2 立法支持……25
参考文献……26
致谢……28
