本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】伽达默尔的解释学真理观研究
【1.1】真理问题提出的背景
【1.2】回到传统真理观中寻找出路
【1.3】海德格尔真理观的影响
【第二章】从艺术经验中的真理出发
【3.1】对“前见”的辩证的解释
【3.2】 “效果历史”的原则
【4.1】伽达默尔语言思想的来源
【4.2】伽达默尔本体论的语言观的特征
【4.3】作为理解真理的存在形式的语言
【5.1】哲学解释学作为“实践哲学”
【5.2】伽达默尔解释学作为实践哲学的具体内容
【5.3】伽达默尔实践的真理观的内涵
【结语/参考文献】伽达默尔真理哲学探究结语与参考文献
摘 要
真理问题是哲学问题中的核心，对真理的研究在哲学史上也占有重要地位。伽达默尔更是在此问题上具有显着成果的哲学家，他的真理理论致力于摆脱近代自然科学统治下的认识论的真理观，从精神科学开始发展至整个人类科学，去寻找真理的归宿。“理解”是伽达默尔真理观的精髓，海德格尔的存在论的真理是伽达默尔真理观的出发点，实践的真理是伽达默尔真理观的归宿。
伽达默尔的解释学真理观是在对近代认识论的真理观的批判的基础上建立起来的。伽达默尔首先批判了认识论的真理观预设的主客二分的背景，认为自然科学对象化、客观化的真理是无法实现的。其次，伽达默尔认为认识论的真理观导致自然科学对人类科学的僭越，他反对认识论的真理观的独断性，试图为精神科学乃至整个人类科学建立一种统摄性的真理观，这种真理观首先必须从精神开始，其次要具有本体论意义与总体性。第三，伽达默尔继承了海德格尔的真理观，认为真理不能脱离人的存在而存在，真理必须在人的实践活动中获得其价值体现，真理需要指导人的实践活动。伽达默尔分别从艺术、历史和语言出发论述其真理观的思想内涵。
在讨论艺术经验中的真理时，伽达默尔用游戏概念来解释艺术真理，指出游戏独立于游戏者的意识之外，游戏的主体不是游戏者，游戏只是通过游戏者来实现自身。通过对游戏过程中游戏、游戏者与观赏者之间相互关系的梳理，伽达默尔重新解释了艺术真理的实现方式，即通过解释者自身与艺术作品相互敞开的对话达到对艺术真理的理解。通过对艺术经验中的真理的论述，伽达默尔一方面确立了精神科学中真理存在的合理性，另一方面展现了艺术真理的对话的本质及其对历史性的要求。
在历史性的范畴中，伽达默尔通过对“偏见”的辩证的论述，为传统与权威正名，认为要通过对时间距离的辩证的运用，实现对前见的辩证的处理。伽达默尔认为我们从属于历史与传统，我们是被抛入其中，因而理解实际上是真理发生必然具有的历史的有效性，理解事件本身即是一种“效果历史”.“前见”决定了解释者的个人视域，解释者在面对传承物时的理解活动实际上是解释者的视域和解释对象自身的视域之间的融合运动，在这个运动过程中，理解不断向更高更完满的层次发展，所以，理解的真理实际上是一种视域的融合。
在对语言的探讨中，伽达默尔证明语言是真理的存在形式。正如他在着作中所说，“能被理解的存在就是语言”,语言不能被看作是人们理解或交流的工具。伽达默尔从语言与人、语言与世界的关系出发，阐述了语言的本体论的特征，并认为语言是理解得以产生的媒介，语言承载着整个真理的运动过程。
理解的真理本身实际上也是实践的真理，实践是伽达默尔理论的落脚点。伽达默尔试图将其解释学发展成为一种实践哲学，这既是因为受到当时西方实践哲学传统的影响，同时也是伽达默尔对人类世界及其生活环境的关注而做出努力的表现。
因而，实践的真理观成为其整个真理理论的归宿。伽达默尔晚期研究的重心转向实践的真理观并不是其理论的骤然的转变，而是因为理解活动本身具有实践的维度，理解本身不仅是理论，它更是一种实践。哲学解释学的本质就是一种实践哲学。
伽达默尔的真理观号召人们关注精神世界，批判自然科学导致的人的异化，试图为人类传统文化的发展开拓一片栖息之所。不仅如此，伽达默尔的哲学具有实践哲学的内涵，其真理观也具有实践意义，这与马克思主义哲学的发展方向相同。对伽达默尔的真理观的探究，具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。
关键词：真理，实践，效果历史，视域融合
Abstract
Truth is the core of philosophy topic ,the research of the truth also occupies ansignificant position in the history of philosophy. Gadamer ,as a well-known philosopher,his considerable contributions that getting rid of epistemology under modern naturalscience and finding home for the truth from spirit are extraordinary . “Understanding” isthe essence part of Gadamer 's view about truth, which is based on Heidegger's ontologyand end with pratical truth.
Gadamer's hermeneutics theory of truth is established on the basis of the critique ofthe conception of truth of modern epistemology. Firstly, he criticized the defaults of thebackground of epistemological views that dichotomizing sybject and object .Secondly, hebelieves that the epistemological views lead to the transgression of natural science to thehuman science ,and opposie to the epistemological arbitrariness ,trying to establish aunifying view of the truth which is the spirit of science and the whole humanscience ,such truth concept must first departure from the spirit, and be followed withontological meaning and totality .Thirdly ,he inherited Heidegger's view of truth that truthcan not be separated from the exist of human being ,The truth guides practice activitiesand its value must be realized through them as well.
Gadamer discussed the truth ideological connotations from the art, history andlanguage respectively.
Gadamer used the “game” to explain the artistic truth.Game is independent of theplayer's consciousness.The palyer is not the subject of the game.The game just through theplayer to realize itself. Gadamer re-interpretation of the relationship between the courseof the game, the player and the viewer,to explain the the artistic truth .Through thedialogue open to each other between the interpreter and works of art. Through theexposition of the truth of the experience of art,on the one hand,Gadamer establish thetruth exists in geisteswissenschaften, and express the essence of the dialogue and thehistorical requirements of artistic truth.
In the historic category , Gadamer reinterpret the “prejudice” for the advocacy oftradition and authority. Through the using of the time distance to hand vorurteile indialectic. Gadamer think we are part of history and tradition, we are thrown into the world.
When we Understanding is actually a “Wirkungsgeschichte”. “vorurteile” determines thehorizons of the interpreter.Understanding is actually “fusion of horizons” between theinterpreter and the object.
In the discussion of language,Gadamer believe that language is the form of the truth.
Gadamer said in his book: “can be understood there is language.” language can not be seenas a tool for people to understand or communicate , Gadamer departure from therelationship between language and the people, language and the world on this paper toexpounds the ontology characteristics of language . Gadamer's believed that language ismedium to the truth. Language carrying the whole truth motion process.
The truth of understanding is actually the truth of the practice. Practice is thetheory of foothold by Gadamer. Gadamer trying to develop hermeneutics into a practicalphilosophy.it's both because influence by the Western Practical Philosophy traditional, andthe care of the living environment of human. understanding is not only a theory, but alsobe a kind of practice.The essence of philosophical hermeneutics is a kind of practicalphilosophy.
Gadamer's truth view called on people to pay attention to spiritual world. He is criticlthe alienation of human which influenced by nature science, trying to reserve a piece offield for the development of human traditional culture. Gadamer's philosophy is actually apractical philosophy, the truth theory also has practical significance,which is the same asthe direction of development of the Marxist philosophy.It is of great theoretical andpractical significance to the reseaching by Gadamer's theory.
Key words: Truth, Practice, Wirkungsgeschichte, Horizon fusion
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
1 伽达默尔真理之路的开启
1.1 真理问题提出的背景
1.2 回到传统真理观中寻找出路
1.3 海德格尔真理观的影响
2 从艺术经验中的真理出发
2.1 对“真”与“美”关系的重构
2.2 艺术真理的存在方式--游戏
2.3 艺术真理的特征及扩展
3 真理的历史性维度 ）
3.1 对“前见”的辩证的解释
3.2 “效果历史”的原则
4 真理与语言的关系
4.1 伽达默尔语言思想的来源
4.2 伽达默尔本体论的语言观的特征
4.3 作为理解真理的存在形式的语言
5 走向实践的真理观
5.1 哲学解释学作为“实践哲学”
5.2 伽达默尔解释学作为实践哲学的具体内容
5.3 伽达默尔实践的真理观的内涵
结 语
致 谢
参考文献
