摘 要
目前，我国的老年人数已居世界之首，如何提高中老年人的生活质量，是摆在全社会面前急待解决的问题。随着生活水平的提高，中老年人的健身意识逐渐增强，由于中老年人的生理状况、特点与其他年龄阶段的人相比更为特殊，选择适合中老年群体的健身内容和手段，来进行锻炼就显得尤为重要。晨练是在早晨进行练习或锻炼，它以中老年人为主体，以强身健体、塑造体形、陶冶情操为目标的，形式多彩、内容多样的早间体育运动。本研究以秦皇岛市区中老年人晨练现状为研究对象，运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查、观察法、数理统计等方法，对秦皇岛市区中老年人晨练现状进行调查研究。从参与晨练的中老年人基本状况、中老年人参与晨练情况、中老年人晨练当中存在的误区、影响中老年人晨练的因素等四个方面入手，综合分析和探讨秦皇岛市区中老年人晨练现状，提出一些符合本地区中老年人晨练的建议，为中老年人进行晨练活动，提供理论依据。同时也能给政府部门推动中老年人晨练活动提供一定的帮助，为全面健身计划的顺利开展提供参考。
通过调查所得主要结论：
秦皇岛市区中老年晨练者的职业多为工人和科教人员，知识层次以中学、小学占主体，年度体育消费水平多集中在 100 元到 500 元之间，多数人患有某些疾病；中老年人参加晨练的健身目的主要为强身健体、娱乐身心等方面。男性晨练者与女性晨练者在健身目的上存在明显的差别。晨练者在项目选择上主要以散步，快走、太极拳、广场舞、自行车、羽毛球等运动形式为主；中老年晨练者缺少专业人员的指导，晨练当中存在认识上的误区。多数中老年人选择离家较近的活动场所，进行锻炼；中老年晨练者体育消费支出多数是一些运动服、鞋、交通费等。老旧小区体育设施配备不足，维护与保养不到位，存在安全因素。部分体育器械之间建设不合理，存在重叠区，影响体育器械的使用。
针对的建议
积极运行现代化的传媒手段如手机短信、电视广播、网络宣传等方式，提高中老年人对体育锻炼的认识。对参与晨练的中老年人进行科学引导和指标监测；政府部门加大对体育事业的投入比例，为中老年人就近锻炼创造基础条件。鼓励相关体育工作人员对中老年人锻炼项目的开发研究，编排出更多适合其锻炼的活动项目，来满足不同体质的中老年人；有针对性的、定期组织开展一些文体活动，以此来激发中老年人参与锻炼的积极性。对各个晨练点负责人进行科学锻炼指导培训，以此消除群众对晨练的误区；统筹好高校资源、社区资源、晨练点的优势互补，为群众创造出更好的活动场所资源。政府出面联系运动器材厂家，使其定期对健身器材做维修与保养，保证其安全有效使用。
关键词： 晨练 中老年人 健身现状 秦皇岛
Abstract
At present, the number of elderly people in China has been the largest in the world It is aproblem to be faced and solved by the whole society how to improve the living quality ofmiddle aged and elderly people. With the improvement of living standards, the healthconsciousness of middle aged and elderly people is gradually increasing. Because that thephysiological status and characteristics of middle aged and old people is more special thanother age groups, it is very important to choose the suitable content and means for the old agegroup. Morning exercise is to practice or exercise in the morning, and the exercisers aremainly aged people , with the goal of physical fitness, body shaping, nurturing spirituality,with divers forms and abundant content. This study focuses on the research of the elderlyexercise status in Qinhuangdao City, using literature, expert interviews, observation method,questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics method, which investigates and studies theelderly exercise status in Qinhuangdao. Starting from the four aspects of basic situation ofelderly in morning exercises, morning exercise status of middle aged and elderly people,morning exercise misunderstanding of middle aged and elderly people, the influence factorsof old people doing morning exercises, the elderly exercise situation of Qinhuangdao City iscomprehensive analyzed and discussed , suggestion and countermeasure of old people doingmorning exercises are proposed, to guidance the majority of the elderly in morning exercisescientifically, the reliable basis is provided. It also can provide some help for governmentdepartments to promotion in the elderly exercises, and to provide the reference for the smoothdevelopment of a comprehensive fitness program.
Main conclusions through investigation:
Qinhuangdao city elderly a.m. exercisers career for more workers, and science andeducation personnel, knowledge level of subject in middle school, elementary school, theannual sports consumption level is more focused on the one hundred to five hundred between,the majority of people suffering from certain diseases; Main aim of the fitness of the elderlyto participate in morning exercise to keep fit, the entertainment body and mind, etc. A.m.
exercisers a.m. exercisers men and women in the gym, there is an obvious difference onpurpose. A.m. exercisers in project selection mainly walking, brisk walking, tai chi, a squaredance, a bicycle, badminton movement form is given priority to; Middle-aged and old a.m.
exercisers lack of professional guidance, there exist misunderstanding on the morningexercises. Most of the elderly to choose places, close to home exercise; Middle-aged and olda.m. exercisers sports consumption spending most are some clothes, shoes, transportation, etc.
Old community sports facilities equipped with insufficient, maintenance is not in place, safetyfactors. Unreasonable part between sports equipment construction, exist overlap region,influence the use of sports equipment.
In view of the proposal:
Positive operation of modern media means such as mobile phone text messages,television broadcast, network promotion, improve the understanding of physical exercise inthe elderly. To participate in morning exercise in old people for scientific guidance andmonitoring indicators; Government departments to increase investment proportion ofundertakings of physical culture and sports, create basic conditions for the elderly to exercise.
Encourage related sports staff for the research of the elderly exercise program, compile moresuitable to the exercise of activities, to meet the different health of the elderly; Targeted,regularly organize activities of some style, in order to arouse the enthusiasm of the elderly toparticipate in the exercise. For each ChenLianDian scientific exercise guidance, head of thetraining, to eliminate the misunderstanding of morning exercises; Overall good colleges anduniversities, community resources, ChenLianDian complementary advantages, resource forthe masses to create a better activity places. Government to contact sports equipment factory,make it regularly for fitness equipment repair and mainKey Words: Morning exercise auld people Fitness status quo Qinhuangdao
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
引 言
1 国内外研究现状
1.1 晨练参与现状研究
1.2 晨练对参与者的影响
1.3 影响晨练的因素
1.4 相关概念的界定
1.4.1 中老年人
1.4.2 体育锻炼
1.4.3 全民健身计划
1.4.4 群众性晨练
2 研究对象与研究方法
2.1 研究对象
2.2 研究方法
2.2.1 文献资料法
2.2.2 调查方法
2.2.3 数理统计法
3 结果与分析
3.1 参与晨练的中老年人基本状况
3.1.1 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人性别情况
3.1.2 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人年龄情况
3.1.3 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人职业情况
3.1.4 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人知识层次情况
3.1.5 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人居住情况
3.1.6 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人每月经济收入状况
3.1.7 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人消费情况
3.1.8 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人身体健康情况
3.2 中老年人参与晨练情况
3.2.1 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人健身项目
3.2.2 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人健身目的
3.2.3 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人参与方式
3.2.4 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人运动强度
3.2.5 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人活动场所
3.2.6 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人每周健身次数
3.2.7 秦皇岛市区晨练的中老年人饮食状况
3.3 中老年晨练当中存在的误区
3.3.1 对运动量的认识存在盲区
3.3.2 忽视准备活动
3.3.3 不做整理活动
3.3.4 只有出汗才算运动有效
3.3.5 带病锻炼早康复
3.3.6 晨练前不喝水
3.4 影响中老年人参与晨练的因素
3.4.1 秦皇岛市区中老年人对体育锻炼与自己生活质量的关系的认识
3.4.2 秦皇岛市区中老年对体育指导员需求情况
3.4.3 秦皇岛市区中老年人对健身方法认识情况
3.4.4 秦皇岛市区中老年晨练地点部分基础设施不够完善
结论与建议
结论
建议
参考文献
致 谢
