摘 要
近代以来，随着科学在人类生活中所起的作用越来越大，出现了科学崇拜的思想。作为科学主义在哲学中的一种表现，实证主义提出了拒斥形而上学的主张，因此，科学主义时代哲学何为这一问题让许多人困惑。随着西学东渐的深入，这一问题也使中国的哲学家感到困惑，他们做出了各种尝试性的探索和形而上学建构。方东美极具特色的人生哲学就是在这一背景下的产物。
“诗哲”方东美是现代新儒家阵营中极有个性的代表。面对西方主客二分思想造成的意义价值世界与生活世界的分裂，面对传统实体形而上学对智慧的背离，方东美认为人是追问自己存在的存在，既忙碌、活动于物质生活世界，又有超越性，超越在场以达不在场，不断地提升、完善自己以达到理想境界。他从人的生命出发，立足于传统天人合一的视域，将超绝的形而上学转变为超越与内在统一的形而上学。
通过形上视域的转变，方东美从生命本体论和生命精神的境界两个层面建构其人生哲学，通过生命本体的生生不息、运转无穷、圆融无碍的特点实现现象和本质、事实和价值、科学理性与人文理性的和谐，进而实现哲学为人提供安身立命之所的作用。
本文通过分析方东美人生哲学的理论与现实意义及其缺点，以增益现代对人的意义与价值的哲学思考。
关键词：方东美 人生哲学 生命本体 超越 境界
Absrtact
In modern time, science plays more and more important role inhuman life. So there is a trend of science-worship. And as aphilosophic manifestation of scientism, positivism propose the opinionof rejecting metaphysics, the question that what philosophy is for inthe scientism time makes many philosophers perplexed. With thewestern philosophy spreading in China, this question also puzzlesChinese philosophers. Fang Dongmei's characteristic philosophy oflife comes into being in this background.
Fang Dongmei is a specific representation of modern New-Confucianism. He believes that man is such a existence that he mustpursue the meaning and value of life, man not only is busy in the world,but also long for transcendence, i.e. transcending the anvesenheit toabwesenteit, continually promoting his life to a noble and unsulliedhorizon. Fang Dongmei bases his metaphysics on universal human lifeand turns the substance metaphysics to transcendence metaphysics.
Through the change of metaphysical horizon, Fang Dongmeiexplains his philosophy of life from two aspects, i.e. life ontology andlife horizon. He trys to merge the meaning world with reality, alsomerge the reason with emotion, and he wants to rebuild the spiritualhometown of being, which is the most significant role of philosophy,by the life's continual moving and it's eternal activity. In this article,the author will expand Fang Dongmei's philosophy of life and figureout the significance and the weakness in his theory to absorb thebeneficial factors to promote the study of human existential meaningand value.
Key words: Fang Dongmei philosophy of life life ontologytranscendence horizon
目 录
一、人之本真与内在超越的形而上学
二、生命本体论
三、“大我”“小我”关系论
四、生命境界论
五、文化比较论
六、方东美人生哲学之评价
七、余论：哲学何为
参考文献
致 谢
