摘 要
林下经济是林区经济未来发展的重要方向，有利于发展当地的自然资源，尤其是林业资源，可以更大程度上利用林业的空间，扩展土地的价值，增加当地职工的收入，这是林区经济未来发展的重要方向，对于自然资源的保护也有重要的意义。林下经济的发展是提升林地资源发展的重大转型方向与重点。推动林下经济发展是实现生态环境优化，社会综合效益双赢的重要举措。阿木尔林业局森林地资源丰富，气候条件优越，生态环境良好，区位优势明显，发展林下经济得天独厚。当前，阿木尔林业局林下经济的发展尚处于发展初级阶段，还存在着一些不可持续的问题。突出表现为林下开发与生态保护协调不一致，短期利益与长期效益冲突矛盾等现象。本文以阿木尔林业局林下经济的发展现状为研究对象，试图为阿木尔林业局林下经济的发展提出政策建议。
本文主要从以下几个方面对全文进行阐述：
第一章，绪论。首章部分主要介绍了林下经济的研究的背景，此外还介绍了本文的研究内容、方法、创新不足。对阿木尔林业局的林下经济发展的意义以及国内外文献综述进行了归纳。背景进行阐述，对本文研究的意义，国内外的研究的成果进行整理与分类阐述。此外，还介绍了本文的研究思路、研究方法及创新点。
第二章，首先对林下经济概念进行阐述，阐述本课题的相关理论，包括林下经济的定义、林下经济的内涵、林下经济的特征。以及制度演进的理论、发展循环理论、可持续发展理论，从而为林下经济发展理论提供基础。
第三章，分析了阿木尔林业局林下经济发展现状及发展林下经济的必要性。
文章重点介绍了阿木尔林业局当前的五大产业的发展情况，并对阿木尔发展林下经济的必要性进行了分析。
第四章，运用 SWOT 分析法，对阿木尔林下经济发展的优势、劣势、机遇和存在威胁进行了分析，得出了 SWOT 分析的发展策略-SO 策略和 ST 策略的选择。
第五章，主要结论与未来发展的方向。对本文研究结论和主要观点进行总结，在未来，阿木尔林业局林下经济将向战略化、多元化、多功能化、智能化等方向趋势发展。
本文的研究的主要结论：
第一、林下经济产业是提升林地经济空间，兼顾经济效益与生态效益，保护森林生物多样性，维护原有生态环境的一种产业。主要是利用林下的动植物以及菌类发展产生效益。林下经济是林下经济发展模式的一种新兴经济发展模式，其发展尚处于起步阶段，在未来，林下经济产业将逐步成为林下经济范围发展的支柱产业。
第二、提出了阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的对策建议，结合阿木尔林业局的优势条件，保护区位优势，自然资源优势，气候优势，生态循环经济优势。以及阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的劣势，市场化、产业化程度低，缺少科学技术指导与统一管理，资源认识不清，产品单一缺少竞争力，配套政策不够完善等。同时阐述了阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的机遇，包括政策的积极引导，市场发展潜力大。在未来发展中，阿木尔林下经济发展也存在一定的威胁，如市场需求与供给波动明显，受自然灾害影响较大，法律法规不完善。本文对阿木尔林下经济发展的 SWOT 进行了全面的分析，真正为阿木尔林业局林下经济的发展提供了详细参考资料。本文最后，结合 SWOT 分析的结果提出了阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的策略。
关键词 林下经济，循环生态经济，持续发展，阿木尔林业局
Abstract
Development of forest economy, not only to expand the rural economicdevelopment space, important way that increases farmer income, but also promotedthe forestry industry from the simple to the comprehensive utilization of forestutilization change, forest and landscape resources of forest resources, so that thefarmers “no tree felling is rich”, the realization of the ecological environment isprotected, farmers have to benefit the masses of win-win. In Amuer Forest Bureau offorestry is rich in resources, climate conditions, a good ecological environment,location and market advantage is obvious, the development of forest economy berichly endowed by nature. At present, in Amuer Forestry Bureau forest economydevelopment is still in the initial stage, there are still some not sustainable,outstanding performance for the forest exploitation and ecological protection,short-term benefits and long-term interests contradiction. This paper studies mainly onthe current situation of the development in Amuer Forestry Bureau forest economy, soas to provide the corresponding policy recommendations for the development of foresteconomy in Amuer Forestry bureau.
The main research contents of this paper:
The first chapter is introduction. Mainly discusses the background and meaningof this research, related research results at home and abroad are reviewed, and brieflyintroduces the research ideas, research methods and innovation point.
The second chapter is the basic concepts and related theories. Firstly the conceptof economic forest; discusses the relevant theories of this subject: forest economydevelopment theory, research methods and provide reference for the support of thefull view.
The third chapter is the Amuer Forestry Bureau forest economy developmentpresent situation and the necessity of. In this chapter, this paper focuses on theanalysis of the development situation of the current Amul Forestry Bureau of the fiveindustries, and the necessity of Amul development of forest economy is analyzed. Thedevelopment of forestry economy is based on the consideration of strengtheningecological construction, promote economic restructuring needs, at the same time is tobuild a green food base, based on the consideration of considering the farmers to getrich.
The fourth chapter is the analysis of the SWOT economic development under theAmuer forest. The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats for thedevelopment of the economy in forest were analyzed, the development strategy ofSWOT analysis for the selection of SO strategy and ST strategy based on.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion and the future development trend. Theconclusions of this study and summarizes the main points. And explain the deficiencyand prospect. In the future, in Amuer Forestry Economy will move toward thedevelopment trend of diversified development trend, the trend of development, suchas the development of multi function planning.
Through the above research, this paper obtains the following conclusions:
First, the concept of under forest economy. Forest economy to forestry economictheory as the foundation, take the sustainable development and circular economyconcept as guidance. Forest economy industry is to improve forest biologicalpopulation ecological productivity and adjustment of forest ecosystem structure forthe purpose, improve various forest animals and plants and fungi under individualproductivity is the basis, to obtain the optimal ecological benefit and economic benefitof the industry. Forest economy is equivalent to a branch of forestry economy, is stillin the initial stage. The theoretical foundation of forest economy and has been thedevelopment of forest economy based on the experience of the forestry economy hasgradually become the pillar industry of forest ecological system.
Second, the analysis for the SWOT development of the economy in AmuerForestry Bureau under forest. From a practical point of view, describing thedevelopment of economic in Amuer Forestry Bureau present situation from theaspects of forest.
Third is the countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the Amuer ForestryBureau forest economy development. Combining the Amuer area advantage, namelythe excellent natural conditions, abundant resources, vast forest industrial base, strongtechnical support, excellent geographical advantage and environmental friendly wayof production. Based on the good economic development, focus on the developmentof forest economy is a good path to realize regional economic leap, after thereforeneed economic development planning in the formation of forest operation steps, thepractical implementation of the development of economic forest.
Keywords:forest economy; forestry; ecology; development mode;in amuer forestryBureau;
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
1.3 国内外研究现状
1.3.1 国外研究现状
1.3.2 国内研究现状
1.4 研究内容和方法
1.4.1 研究内容
1.4.2 研究方法
1.5 创新与不足
第 2 章 基本概念及相关理论
2.1 基本概念
2.1.1 林下经济的定义
2.1.2 林下经济的内涵
2.1.3 林下经济的特征
2.2 基本理论
2.2.1 制度演进理论
2.2.2 发展循环理论
2.2.3 可持续发展理论
第 3 章 阿木尔林业局林下经济发展现状与必要性
3.1 阿木尔林业局林下经济的发展现状
3.2 阿木尔林业局发展林下经济的必要性
3.2.1 基于强化生态建设的考虑
3.2.2 基于森林资源管护的考虑
3.2.3 基于打造绿色食品基地的考虑
3.2.4 基于促进百姓致富的考虑
3.2.5 基于经济转型的考虑
第 4 章 阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的 SWOT 分析
4.1 阿木尔林林业局下经济发展的优势分析
4.1.1 区位优势（S1）
4.1.2 自然资源优势（S2）
4.1.3 气候优势（S3）
4.1.4 生态循环经济优势（S4）
4.2 阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的劣势分析
4.2.1 市场化，产业化程度低（W1）
4.2.2 缺少科学技术指导与统一管理（W2）
4.2.3 资源认识不清，产品单一缺少竞争力（W3）
4.2.4 配套政策不够完善，产业布局不科学
4.3 阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的机遇分析
4.3.1 政策的积极引导（O1）
4.3.2 市场发展潜力大（O2）
4.4 阿木尔林业局林下经济发展的威肋分析
4.4.1 市场需求与供给波动明显（T1）
4.4.2 受自然灾害影响较大（T2）
4.4.3 法律法规不完善 （T3）
4.5 基于 SWOT 分析的发展策略选择
4.5.1 SO 策略
4.5.2 ST 策略
第 5 章 主要结论与未来发展方向
5.1 主要成果与结论
5.2 未来发展方向
参考文献
致 谢
