目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
引 言
1. 研究背景
1.1 研究目的
1.2 研究意义
1.3 研究理论
1.4 研究方法
2. 重庆市殡葬制度改革社会学观察
2.1 殡葬制度设计方面
2.2 殡葬政策措施方面
2.3 殡葬服务设施方面
2.4 殡葬文明进程方面
3. 重庆市殡葬制度改革中问题成因剖析
3.1 理念偏差导致殡葬制度设计存在缺陷
3.2 职责不清引起政府职能部门角色失调
3.3 公平性缺失引发殡葬服务非均化缺陷
3.4 传统守旧文化心理影响殡葬文明进程
4. 重庆市殡葬制度改革社会学思考
4.1 坚持整体和协调统一的制度设计理念
4.2 突出问题导向坚持重点与全面相结合
4.3 资源整合优化配置提升殡葬服务水平
4.4 注重人文关怀助推群众殡葬理念转变
4.5 激发社会活力实现动员与参与的结合
4.6 降低社会风险保持社会秩序稳定有序
5. 结语
参考文献
致 谢
摘 要
丧葬问题，由于涉及到社会构成的每一个基本单元“人”的最基本问题，属于基本民生问题，是社会学研究中一个重要的领域，如果缺少或者不对其及时予以关注，就有可能引起社会矛盾，出现较大的社会问题。本文研究殡葬制度改革问题，对社会“人”的“生、老、病、死、残”等系列社会问题中--“死”的问题进行社会学观察与思考，通过亲身参加社会调查，采取必要的问卷、访谈等手段，近距离观察殡葬制度以及殡葬事业，透过对现有殡葬制度以及殡葬事业的观察，发现和探究现行制度运行存在的弊端和引起社会问题的深层原因，借以得出有益的结论，力图在殡葬社会学理论、社会保障理论与实践方面能取得一些理性经验收获，以丰富殡葬社会学理论研究。
本文以重庆市殡葬制度为研究对象，遵循从宏观--中观--微观的层级社会学观察理念，沿着理念--制度--政策思维逻辑，分别从殡葬法律、制度设计、政策措施、基础设施和文化文明层面分析殡葬制度改革现状问题，现实观察所存在的主要问题表现为：一是制度设计定位不当，殡葬法律法规体系不健全，管理体制不完善；二是政策措施不完善，中介问题严重；三是基础服务设施不健全，基本公共服务能力不足；四是文明进程推进缓慢，群众生态观念落后。
基于对这些主要问题的观察，本文展开了深入调研，结合福利社会学等基础理论，对表现的问题进行了成因分析。主要运用两种社会研究方法：一是问卷调查法。根据在十家殡葬服务单位抽取的 500 位调查对象，对其进行殡葬改革与服务的问卷调查。将搜集到的资料整理编码并运用 SPSS19.0 进行分析，主要采取频数分析，分析重庆市殡葬服务单位的服务质量和群众殡葬生态观念，服务质量满意度调查主要包括火化、治丧和安葬三大内容。二是访谈法。访谈对象分为三类，包括殡葬管理机构从事具体业务工作人员、一线员工和家属，分别从不同的角度了解他们对重庆市殡葬制度改革问题的看法与应对策略。
从制度设计理念的偏差导致殡葬制度设计缺陷、政府和职能部门角色失调、公平性缺失引起服务导向不均等和殡葬传统守旧文化依旧浓厚等方面，有针对性地阐述问题产生的根源，并在理论分析的基础上，借鉴国内外先进经验，结合重庆实际情况，提出针对性建议：即，在公共服务均等化这一大的方向下，将丧葬改革视为一个系统进行整体改革，具体路径为在尊重本地文化的基础上，以提升服务能力、实现城乡统筹一体化为具体目标，将殡葬人才队伍建设、法律法规完善与发展社会组织结合起来，由此提高民众的满意度，推动殡葬传统的变革。
关键词：殡葬制度；改革；社会学
ABSTRACT
The funeral problems, which relate to the basic problems on people who are thebasic fundamental unit in society, belong to the basic livelihood issue and are asignificant part in sociology research. There will be greater social contradictions if theseproblems may not be given attention and resolved. By observing and thinking 'death' insociology perspective among social problems ,such as birth, old, illness, death ordisability and so on, taking part in the social investigation and questionnaire andinterview, the writer observes the funeral system or career and finds the reasons to theproblems lead by the system, for the purpose of coming to the useful conclusions,attempting to gain some rational experience in the aspect of sociological theory, socialsecurity theory and practice, in order to enrich the funeral sociological theory research.
Taking the funeral system in Chongqing as the research object, following bysociological observation philosophy along the macroscopic, mesoscopic, microcosmiclevel, the writer analyzes the issues on funeral institutional reform from the multipleperspectives, such as funeral legal, institutional design, policy measures, infrastructureand culture and so on, using the logical structure in line of the concept-system-policy.
First, funeral legal system is not perfect, system design and management system isincomplete; second, policy measures are imperfect and the agency problems are serious;third, basic services is not perfect and public services is inadequate; fourth, the processof civilization is slow and people's ecological concept is behind.Based on the main problems' observation, The writer does research deeply.
Combined with the basic theory in welfare sociology, the writer analyzes the reasons.
The writer mainly use two kinds of methods: one is questionnaire survey method. Thepeople who are the five hundred respondents from the ten funeral service center areaccepted questionnaire on funeral reform and service. The collecting data is encodedand analyzed by SPSS19.0, mainly taking frequency analysis, to analyze the servicequality and people's ecology conception, including cremation, funeral and burial and soon. The other is interview method. Interview objects is divided into three categories,including the specific operational staff in funeral management agencies, workers at theproduction line and families. Knowing their views and coping strategies from differentperspectives on funeral system reform issues in Chongqing.
The writer explains the source of the problem from different aspects, such as ideadeviation on the funeral system design, the disorder role of government and department,unequal service-oriented caused by lack of fairness and the traditional conservativeculture and so on. On the basis of theoretical analysis, drawing on domestic experience,combined with the actual situation in Chongqing, the specific suggestions has been putforward. Under direction of the public service equalization, the funeral reform isregarded as a whole system reform. The specific path is on the basis of respecting thelocal culture to enhance the service ability and integration of urban and rural areas,combined with improving the laws and regulations and developing social organization.
Only in these ways can we improve people's satisfaction and promote the funeraltradition reform.
Keywords: The Funeral system; Reform; Sociology
