摘 要
近年来，随着我国社会经济的不断发展，因劳动者违约引发的劳动合同纠纷引起了全社会的关注。在理论界，劳动合同中违约金制度一直是争议的焦点，主要是任意性违约金、限制性违约金和禁止性违约金的争论。在《劳动合同法》颁布以前，我国在劳动合同领域中的立法对违约金的态度并不明确，而《劳动合同法》采取了限制性违约金制度。但是面对社会上的“跳槽热”,限制性违约金制度变现出了立法明显的滞后性。因此，劳动合同中允许劳动者和用人单位自由约定劳动者的违约金责任（劳动者违约金）有理论和实践中的必要性。一方面，任意性劳动者违约金制度是劳动合同的私法属性的内在要求，符合市场经济自由平等的观念；另一方面，确立劳动者违约金制度是经济社会变迁的内在要求，面对我国劳动力市场现状的变迁，劳动者违约金责任形式在维护劳动合同秩序方面具有独特的法律价值。因此，对劳动者违约金制度的研究成为现实的必要性。
本文分为四个部分：第一部分为绪论。包括选题的意图、研究现状、研究方法和拟解决的问题。这一部分最核心的观点在于，我国劳动立法以维护劳动者的合法权益为目的，将利益天平严重向劳动者倾斜，导致用人单位在新的社会形式下利益受损。第二部分为劳动者违约金制度概述。首先界定劳动者违约金的概念及特征，其本质是任意性违约金；其次考察我国劳动合同法中限制性违约金制度的立法现状、原因以及存在的现实弊端；最后，对国外有关劳动违约金制度的考察，为我国构建劳动者违约金制度提供经验。第三部分是劳动者违约金制度存在的法理基础。劳动者违约金制度符合契约自由原则，劳动违约金是一种必要的责任形式；并且基于劳动合同的特殊性，劳动者违约金具有特殊的法律价值。第四部分是我国劳动者违约金制度的构建。具体包括劳动者违约金制度的适用规则、成立条件、适用标准以及劳动者的免责事由。
关键词：劳动者；违约金；违约责任；制度构建
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous development of social economy in ourcountry, the workers labor contract disputes caused by default has caused the attentionof the whole society. In theoretical circle, penalty due to breach of contract in thelabor contract system has been the focus of controversy ,Mostly discretionary penaltydue to breach of contract, restrictive penalty due to breach of contract and prohibitivepenalty due to breach of contract. Before the “labor contract law” promulgated, ourcountry in the field of labor contract legislation attitude to breach of contract is notclear, and the “labor contract law” has adopted a restricted system of penalty due tobreach of contract. But in the face of society “job-hopping”, restrictive penalty due tobreach of contract system show that the obvious lag legislation. Therefore, permittingthe laborer and unit of choose and employ persons to stipulate in the labor contractworkers penalty due to breach of contract responsibility （laborer penalty due to breachof contract） with the necessity of the theory and practice. On the one hand, the laborcontract system is the inherent requirement of the private property of the laborcontract, which is in accordance with the concept of free and equal market economy.
On the other hand, it is the inherent requirement of economic and social change.
This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction. Includingthe intention of the subject, research status, research methods and plans to solve theproblem. This part of the core point is that our labor legislation to protect the lawfulrights and interests of workers, for the purpose of the interests balance serious tilt tolaborer, lead to unit of choose and employ persons under the new form of socialinterests is damaged. The second part for labourers penalty due to breach of contractsystem overview. First defined the concept and characteristics of laborer penalty dueto breach of contract, its essence is a discretionary penalty due to breach of contract;Second expedition restrictive penalty due to breach of contract system in the laborcontract law of our country legislation present situation, causes and disadvantages ofreality; Finally, on the investigation to the relevant labor liquidated damages systemabroad, provide the experience to build laborer penalty due to breach of contractsystem in China. The third part is the legal basis of the existence of laborer penaltydue to breach of contract system. Laborer penalty due to breach of contract system ofthe principle of freedom of contract, breach of contract of labor is a necessary form ofresponsibility; And based on the particularity of labor contract, laborer penalty due tobreach of contract has special legal value. The fourth part is the construction oflaborer penalty due to breach of contract system of our country. Specific includeemployee's penalty due to breach of contract system applicable rules, conditions,applicable standards and ground of relief workers.
Key words: The laborer; Penalty due to breach of contract; Liability for breachof contract; System construction
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 选题意图
1.2 研究现状
1.3 研究方法
1.4 本文拟解决的问题
第 2 章 劳动者违约金制度概述
2.1 劳动者违约金的内涵
2.1.1 “劳动者违约金”的概念
2.1.2 “劳动者违约金”的特征
2.2 我国劳动者违约金制度的现状
2.2.1 我国劳动者违约金制度立法现状
2.2.2 我国劳动者违约金制度立法成因
2.2.3 我国劳动者违约金制度立法评析
2.3 国外劳动者违约金制度的立法考察
第 3 章 确立劳动者违约金制度的法理基础
3.1 劳动者违约金制度符合契约自由
3.2 劳动者违约金制度的法律价值
3.2.1 违约金的性质
3.2.2 劳动者违约金是必要的违约责任形式
3.2.3 劳动者违约金是具有不可替代性
第 4 章 我国劳动者违约金制度的构建
4.1 劳动者违约金的适用条件
4.1.1 劳动者违约金的适用规则
4.1.2 劳动者违约金的成立条件
4.2 劳动者违约金的适用标准
4.3 劳动者违约金的责任免除
4.3.1 约定的免责条款
4.3.2 法定免责事由
结语
参考文献
致 谢
