摘 要
近年来大气污染严重，挥发性有机化合物是典型的一类大气污染物。在其处理工艺中通常采用活性炭作为吸附剂，但是存在吸附时间长、饱和吸附量小的问题。
同时活性炭吸附有机溶剂后其燃烧爆炸特性会发生变化，活性炭吸附有机废气工艺的火灾爆炸事故时有发生，对设备安全运行造成巨大影响。以活性炭为研究对象，制备改性溶剂对其化学以及表面结构进行改性，增大甲苯吸附量的同时达到阻燃抑爆的功效，以期为活性炭吸附甲苯工艺提供参考，为相关工艺的安全运行和抑爆技术开发提供理论和技术支持。
对活性炭升温过程进行了研究，结果表明，活性炭的自燃温度随着粒径的减小而降低。并且在其受热过程中会产生甲烷、一氧化碳、乙烯、丙烷等可燃性气体。
制备低共熔溶剂对活性炭进行改性处理，测定了改性活性炭的相关性质。对活性炭的官能团进行测定。结果显示，活性炭经改性后亚甲基数量减少，醚键和酯键的数量增多；利用扫描电镜对活性炭表面形态进行观测，发现改性后的活性炭表面孔隙数量增多，增大了甲苯的饱和吸附量。
改性活性炭自燃温度相对于原始活性炭提高，着火时间延后；最大爆炸压力相对于原始活性炭变低，且达到最大爆炸压力的浓度提高，实验制备的改性溶剂对活性炭的阻燃抑爆作用明显。
对活性炭吸附甲苯系统进行了火灾爆炸危险区域划分，根据不同危险区域进行电气设备选型，为工程应用提供参考。
关键词: 活性炭；自燃；甲苯；爆炸压力；阻化剂；设备选型。
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution is becoming more and more serious. The volatile organiccompounds are a typical class of atmospheric pollutants. Activated carbon is generallyused as an adsorbent in the treatment process. There are some problems that the adsorptiontime is long and the saturated adsorption amount is small. At the same time thecombustion and explosion characteristics of the activated carbon will change after theadsorption of the organic solvent. Fire and explosion accidents often occur in the processof activated carbon adsorbing organic waste gas, which have a great impact on the safeoperation of equipment. In this paper, the activated carbon after adsorption of toluene wastaken as the research object. The chemical structure and surface structure of activatedcarbon were modified by modifier to increase the amount of toluene adsorption andachieve the purpose of flame retardant suppression. The results can provide references foractivated carbon adsorption process of toluene, and provide theoretical and technicalsupport for the safe operation of related processes and the development of explosionsuppression technology.
The result of heating process of activated carbon showed that the spontaneouscombustion temperature of activated carbon decreased with the decrease of particle size.
In addition, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene, propane and other combustible gaseswill generate during the heating process.
Deep eutectic solvents were prepared to modify the activated carbon, and theproperties of modified activated carbon were determined. The functional group ofactivated carbon was determined by FTIR. The test results showed that the amount ofmethylene is reduced. The surface morphology of activated carbon was observed by SEM.
It was found that the number of pores on the surface of the modified activated carbonincreased thus the saturated adsorption capacity of toluene increased.
The self-ignition temperature of the modified activated carbon increased comparedwith the original activated carbon, and the ignition time was delayed 1h. The maximumexplosion pressure was lower than that of the original activated carbon, and theconcentration at which the maximum explosion pressure reached is increased. The resultsshowed that the modified solvent had obvious effect on flame retardant and explosionsuppression of activated carbon.
The fire and explosion hazard zones of activated carbon adsorbing toluene systemwere divided, and the electrical equipments were selected according to different hazardzones, which provided reference for engineering application.
Key words Activated carbon; Spontaneous combustion; Toluene; Explosion pressure;Inhibitor; Equipment selection
目 录
摘 要
Abstract·
第 1章 绪 论
1.1 研究的背景和意义·
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 活性炭吸附法去除 VOCs 研究
1.2.2 活性炭自燃特性研究
1.2.3 粉体爆炸研究 ·
1.2.4 阻化剂阻燃研究
1.3 主要的研究内容和方法·
1.3.1 研究内容 ·
1.3.2 研究方法 ·
第 2章 活性炭及其吸附甲苯后的燃爆特性
2.1 实验样品及仪器
2.2 实验方案及步骤
2.2.1 自燃温度测试 ·
2.2.2 活性炭受热产生气体的测定 ·
2.2.3 活性炭爆炸下限测试
2.2.4 活性炭最大爆炸压力测试
2.2.5 活性炭吸附甲苯实验
2.2.6 活性炭吸附甲苯后燃爆特性
2.3 实验结果与讨论·
2.3.1 活性炭粉自燃温度测试
2.3.2 活性炭受热产生的气体分析
2.3.3 活性炭粉爆炸下限
2.3.4 活性炭粉最大爆炸压力
2.3.5 活性炭对甲苯的吸附 ·
2.3.6 活性炭吸附甲苯后燃爆特性
2.4 本章小结
第 3章 活性炭的阻化改性处理及表征
3.1 实验样品及仪器·
3.2 实验方案及步骤·
3.2.1 阻化剂的制备
3.2.2 阻化剂的表征
3.2.3 阻化剂改性活性炭实验
3.2.4 改性活性炭的表征
3.3 实验结果与讨论·
3.3.1 阻化剂的热稳定性测试
3.3.2 阻化剂对活性炭化学结构的改性
3.3.3 阻化剂对活性炭表面形态的改性
3.4 本章小结
第 4章 改性活性炭的燃爆特性
4.1 实验方案及步骤·
4.1.1 改性活性炭对甲苯的吸附 ·
4.1.2 改性活性炭自燃温度测试 ·
4.1.3 爆炸下限测试
4.1.4 最大爆炸压力测试
4.2 实验数据及结果分析·
4.2.1 改性活性炭甲苯吸附量
4.2.2 改性活性炭自燃温度 ·
4.2.3 爆炸下限结果分析
4.2.4 最大爆炸压力测试
4.3 本章小结
第 5章 活性炭吸附甲苯过程安全技术对策·
5.1 活性炭吸附甲苯环境电气设备防爆 ·
5.1.1 危险区域的划分 ·
5.1.2 电气设备的选型 ·
5.1.3 电气线路的敷设 ·
5.1.4 活性炭吸附甲苯系统的防爆途径
5.2 吸附甲苯后活性炭的处理处置 ·
5.2.1 热解吸 ·
5.2.2 微波解吸
5.3 本章小结
结 论
参考文献·
