摘 要
在建设社会主义法治国家构建和谐社会的进程中，公民意识是政治民主化和法治化的内在精神动力。公民意识是一个多维度概念，公民法律意识属于公民意识的维度之一，是完善社会主义法治建设的价值导向。我国公民在法律意识领域中不断地取得进步和发展，但是我国的法治环境还很脆弱，公民的法律意识水平还不够高，培养公民良好的法律意识，仍然是任重而道远。要加强社会主义法治建设，推进依法治国的进程，就必须建立建全，完善合理的公民法律意识培养机制，才能实现提高人们的法律意识，使人们履行法律，从而使社会良性运行，才能真正成为一个安定团结，安居乐业的国家。只有人们对法有一种心悦诚服的认可，才能遵从法律，维护法律，敬仰法律，人们才能从内心真正接受法律的规则，才能自觉地依照法律的规定办事。因此，公民的法律意识的培养机制问题是建设法治国家的重要课题。
在我国当前实行依法治国的基本国情下，必须增强全体人民的法律意识，培养和提高全体公民的法律素质尤其是法律意识是一项长期而艰巨的任务，是法制时代的呼唤也是社会主义民主和法治社会建设的基础工作，因此使全体公民树立法律信仰，不再把法律停留在纸面上，要结合我国的现实国情和我国公民意识现状最终形成我国公民法律意识培养的模式。本文除引言外分为三大部分，由浅入深地对我国公民法律意识培养机制问题展开探索和研究。
第一部分，对法律意识的基本概念和相关理论界定进行理论研究。在这一部分中，从法律意识这个概念的原始定义及其起源着手，阐述了法律意识是法律规范、法律关系、法律行为以及立法、执法、司法等活动在人们头脑中的反映。法律意识是一种特殊的社会意识，是社会主体对法律现象的主观把握方式，是人们关于法的知识、情感、评价与行为倾向的有机综合体。只有建立合理科学的培养机制，才能够为提升人们法律意识奠定基础，使人们真正地法有一种崇敬地认可，才能遵法，护法，敬法，自觉按照法律的约束进行各种社会行为，这样的公民素质才会保障社会的良性运行。同时还分析了不同学者对这一概念的看法、观点，总结了法律意识结构、功能，以及公民法律意培养机制的基本理论等。这为培养机制的深入研究奠定了理论基础。
第二部分，根据我国的基本国情，采用参考网络调查数据的方法，得到我国现阶段公民法律意识基本水平的大致情况，并结合我国的历史条件和现在的国情以及现有的政治法律体系情况，对我国公民法律意识培养机制进行系统科学的分析。总结出了当前我国法律培养机制取得的成绩和存在的问题，从而深层次地揭示了制约我国公民法律意识培养机制发展的各方面因素。本部分的研究是公民法律意识培养机制的研究的现实基础。
第三部分，对公民法律意识的培养机制地综合性研究。通过研究发现人们只有对法有一种心悦诚服的认可，才能遵从法律，维护法律，敬仰法律，人们才能从内心真正接受法律的规则，才能自觉地依照法律的规定办事，才能赢得社会普遍的心理认同，才能有效的减少各种违法犯罪现象的发生，并形成同违法犯罪作斗争的良好社会氛围。因此培养机制的形成和发展是很必要和必须的，也就是说，建立法律意识的培养机制是国家长治久安的保证；是构建稳定社会秩序的基础；是降低社会管理成本，提高管理效率的保证。结合我国依法治国的理念，本章对公民法律意识的培养机制进行了建设与发展两个层面的研究，力求为解决我国公民法律意识培养机制运行中的问题寻求对策。在机制建设方面，重点从社会主义民主制度和立法、司法环境两个角度进行研究；对于机制的发展，提出了完善市场经济制度，依法行政，做好普法教育等方面的较为具体的措施，以及建立和普及符合法律价值的法律仪式等新途径。
总之，本文从分析公民法律意识的概念入手，探讨公民法律意识的核心内容和现阶段公民法律培养过程中面临的问题与挑战，在此基础上提出改进公民法律意识培养机制的对策性建议，希望借此为公民法律意识的培养提供一些指导。
关 键 词：公民，法律意识，培养机制
Abstract
In the process of building a harmonious society in the construction of the socialistcountry ruled by law, citizen consciousness is the inner spiritual power of the politicaldemocratization and the rule of law. Citizen consciousness is a multi-dimensional concept, thecitizen's legal consciousness is one of the dimensions of citizen consciousness, it is the valueguidance of improving the socialist legal construction. Our citizens in the field of legalawareness in the continuous progress and development, but our country's legal environment isstill very weak, the legal awareness of citizens is not high enough, to develop a good legalawareness of citizens, is still a long way to go. To strengthen the construction of socialist ruleof law, promote the rule of law process, it is necessary to establish a sound, reasonable andperfect the citizen's legal consciousness training mechanism, to improve the people's legalconsciousness, enable people to fulfill the law, so as to make the social benign operation, inorder to truly become a stability and unity and live and work in peace and contentment of thenation. Only when the people have a convincing and recognition of the law, to comply withthe law, the maintenance of law, respect the law, people can really from the heart to acceptlegal rules to consciously in accordance with the provisions of the law service. Therefore, thecultivation of the legal awareness of citizens is an important issue in the construction of acountry under the rule of law.
In our country, we must strengthen the legal consciousness of all the people, cultivateand improve the legal quality of all citizens, especially the legal consciousness is a long-termand arduous task. It is also the basic work of socialist democracy and legal societyconstruction. This article besides the introduction divided into three parts, from the shallow tothe deep of our citizens legal consciousness training mechanisms carry out exploration andresearch.
First of all, the basic concept of legal consciousness and the relevant theoretical research.
In this part, from the legal awareness of the concept of the original definition and its origin,this paper expounds the legal consciousness is the legal norm, legal relationship, legal act andthe legislative, law enforcement, judicial and other activities in people's minds. Legalconsciousness is a kind of special social consciousness, which is the main body of the law,and it is the organic synthesis of people's knowledge, emotion, evaluation and behaviortendency. Only by establishing a scientific and reasonable training mechanism, can lay thefoundation to enhance the legal awareness of people, so that people really have a respectfulrecognition, to abide by the law, law enforcement, respect law, consciously in accordance withlegal constraints were various social behaviors, such quality of citizens will ensure socialbenign operation. At the same time, it also analyzes the different views of scholars on theconcept, the point of view, the structure of legal consciousness, function, as well as the basictheory of civil law. This lays the theoretical foundation for the further study of themechanism.
Secondly, according to the basic national conditions of our country, we use the method ofreference network survey data to get the basic level of our country's civil law consciousness.
Sum up the achievements and problems of China's legal training system, and reveal thefactors that restrict the development of China's legal awareness training system. The researchof this part is the realistic foundation of the research on the cultivation mechanism of legalconsciousness.
Finally, it is a comprehensive study of the cultivation mechanism of the legal awarenessof citizens. Through research found that people only of law have a convincing and recognition,to comply with the law, the maintenance of law, respect the law, people can really from theheart to accept legal rules, to consciously in accordance with the provisions of the law service,in order to win the psychological identity of society in general to effectively reduce theoccurrence of various illegal and criminal phenomenon, and form a good social atmospherewith the illegal crime fighting. Therefore, the formation and development of the cultivationmechanism is necessary and necessary, that is to say, the establishment of legal awarenesstraining mechanism is the guarantee of the stability of the country; it is the basis for theestablishment of a stable social order; it is to reduce the cost of social management, improvemanagement efficiency. According to the concept of governing the country according to law,this chapter has carried on the research to the construction and development of the cultivationmechanism of citizen's legal consciousness, and strive to seek the countermeasures to solvethe problems in the operation of the legal awareness training mechanism of our country. In themechanism construction, focusing on from two angles of socialist democracy and legislationand judicial environment were studied. For the development of mechanism, and puts forwardthe improvement of the market economic system, administrative law, good legal educationmore specific measures, and establish and general and comply with the legal value of the legalceremony in New ways.
In short, this article from the analysis of the concept of civic awareness, to explore thecore content of the legal awareness of citizens and the current problems and challenges, on thebasis of this, put forward suggestions to improve the legal awareness training mechanism.
Key Words: Citizen, Law consciousness , Cultivation mechanism
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引 言
（一） 选题背景及意义
（二） 国内外研究现状
（三） 研究的思路与方法
一、 公民法律意识的基本概念和相关理论界定
（一） 法律意识的基础概念
1. 法律意识的内涵
2. 法律意识的结构
3. 法律意识的功能
（二） 公民法律意识的概述
1. 公民法律意识的构成
2. 公民法律意识与社会意识之间的关系
（三） 公民法律意识培养机制的基本理论
1. 公民法律意识培养机制的形成因素
2. 公民培养法律意识机制的现实模式
3. 培养公民法律意识机制的真正意义
二、 我国公民法律意识培养机制的实践分析
（一） 我国公民法律意识培养现状
1. 我国公民法律意识建设取得的成就
2. 我国公民法律意识机制存在的问题
（二） 我国公民法律意识培养机制的制约因素
1. 市场经济的不完善
2. 计划经济制度的惯性
3. 传统文化与现代法律意识之间的矛盾
4. 现行法律制度的缺陷
三、 我国公民法律意识培养机制的建设与发展
（一） 公民法律意识培养机制的建设
1. 构建民主的立法环境，确立公民的法律正义感
2. 构建公正的司法环境，培养公民对法律的信赖感
（二） 公民法律意识培养机制的发展
1. 逐步完善自由平等竞争的市场经济制度
2. 政治体制改革，进一步健全社会主义民主制度
3. 严格执法，不断增强公民的法律安全感
4. 推广法律仪式，树立法律神圣观
5. 完善普法教育机制
6. 拓宽普法教育途径
结 论
参考文献
后 记
