不同氮素营养对四种观赏植物的若干生理和生长的影响
摘要
本文通过双因素四水平盆栽试验，利用随机区组设计，深入研宄了不同氮素营养对四种观赏植物的若干生理和生长的影响，分别对四种植物的株高、叶长、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性进行了分析和计算，主要研宄结论如下：
1.从株高和叶长的生长量来看，芒在低氮时第二期生长量最大，从生理指标上来看，中等氮素浓度时叶绿素含量最高，高氮时可溶性蛋白含量最高，丙二醛（MDA）含量最低的时候是中等氮素浓度，而在无氮（对照）和高氮的时候含量较高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性都是在第一期的时候有轻微的上升现象，在后面两期便表现出有上升和下降变化，通过隶属函数的计算方法，利用其平均值进行综合分析，从而比较不同氮素浓度对芒的影响，最终得知，四种氮素浓度对芒的影响如下：N2>N1>N3>N0.与形态变化几乎一致。
2.从株髙和叶长的生长量来看，银边吉祥草在中等氮素时第三期生长量最大，从生理指标上来看，中等氮素浓度时叶绿素含量最高，高氮时可溶性蛋白含量最高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性都是在第一期的时候有轻微的上升现象，在后面两期便表现出有上升和下降变化，丙二醛（MDA）含量同前三种抗氧化酶活性-样，在无氮和高氮的时候含量有所增加，通过隶属函数的计算方法，利用其平均值进行综合分析，从而比较不同氮素浓度对银边吉祥草的影响，最终得知，四种氮素浓度对银边吉祥草的影响如下：N2>N1>N3>N0与形态变化几乎一致。
3.从株高和叶长的生长量来看，千日红在低氮时第二期生长量最大，从生理指标上来看，中等氮素浓度时叶绿素含量最高，高氮时可溶性蛋白含量最高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性都是在第一期的时候有轻微的上升现象，在后面两期便表现出有上升和下降变化，丙二醛（MDA）含量同前三种抗氧化酶活性一样，在无氮和高氮的时候含量有所增加，通过隶属函数的计算方法，利用其平均值进行综合分析，从而比较不同氮素浓度对千日红的影响，最终得知，四种氮素浓度对千日红的影响如下：N2>N1>N3>N0与形态变化几乎一致。
4.从株高和叶长的生长量来看，半支莲在低氮时第二期生长量最大，从生理指标上看，中等氮素浓度时叶绿素含量最高，高氮时可溶性蛋白含量最高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性都是在第-期的时候有轻微的上升现象，在后面两期便表现出有上升和下降变化，丙二醛（MDA）含量也在无氮和高氮的时候含量有所增加，通过隶属函数的计算方法，利用其平均值进行综合分析，从而比较不同氮素浓度对半支莲的影响，最终得知，四种氮素浓度对半支莲的影响如下：NfNpNfN与形态变化几乎一致。
5.植物对氮素的生理反应受到多种因素的影响，对多个指标一起进行综合比较，通过几个时期隶属函数法进行综合分析，最终可以得知，四种观赏植物第一期对氮的利用效率如下： 银边吉祥草>芒>T-日红>半支莲，四种观赏植物第二期对氮的利用效率如下：银边吉祥草>
千曰红>芒>半支莲，四种观赏植物第三期对氮的利用效率如下：银边吉祥草>千日红>芒>半支莲。
关键词：氮素营养，观赏植物，生理影响，氮素利阳效率。
Physiological and Vegetative Response to Different NitrogenNutritions in Four Kinds of Ornamental Plants.
Abstract
Based on the pot culture experiments of the two-factor and four level nitrogen nutritions,the use of randomized block design, physiological and growth, the influence of each of four kindsof plants, plant height, leaf length, content of chlorophyll, soluble protein content,malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, catalase （CAT） activityand peroxidase （POD） activity were analyzed and calculated, the main research conclusions wereas follows:
1.From the point of plant height and leaf growth, the maximum growth of Miscanthussinensis in the second stage of low nitrogen, from the physiological indexes, the medium nitrogenconcentration when the highest chlorophyll content, high nitrogen when the highest content ofsoluble protein and malondialdehyde （MDA） content, the minimum was medium nitrogenconcentration. Nitrogen free （control） and high nitrogen to malondialdehyde （MDA） content washigher, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） activitywas a slight rise phenomenon when there was in the first period, in the two follow phases wasshowed with change of rise or fall, through the calculation method of membership function, use ofa comprehensive analysis of the mean,and compared the influence of different nitrogenconcentration of Miscanthus sinensis, finally learned that four kinds of nitrogen concentration onMiscanthus sinensis were as follows: the influence of N2 > N1 > N3 > NO. Almost unanimouslywith morphological changes.
2.From the point of plant height and leaf growth, the maximum growth of Reineckia carneavan variegata in the third period of medium nitrogen, from the physiological indexes, the highestchlorophyll content was the medium nitrogen concentration, high nitrogen when the highestcontent of soluble protein, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and catalase （CAT） activity,peroxidase （POD） activity were a slight rise phenomeno in the first period, in the follow twophases was showed with change of rise or fall, malondialdehyde （MDA） content was the same asthe first three kinds of antioxidant enzyme activity, in the absence of nitrogen and high nitrogencontent increased. Through the calculation method of membership function, use of acomprehensive analysis of the mean, and compared the influence of different nitrogenconcentration of Reineckia carnea var. variegata,in the end, four kinds of nitrogen concentrationof Reineckia carnea var. variegata was as follows: the influence of N2 > N1 > N3 > NO. Almostunanimously with morphological changes.
3.From the point of plant height and leaf growth, the largest growth of Gomphrena globosain the second stage of low nitrogen, from the physiological indexes, the highest chlorophyllcontent was the medium nitrogen concentration,the influence of the content of soluble protein wasthe highest when there was high nitrogen, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, catalase （CAT）activity and peroxidase （POD） activity were in the first period when there was a slight risephenomenon, in the two phases was showed with change of rise or fall, malondialdehyde （MDA）content was the same as the first three kinds of antioxidant enzyme activity, in the absence of nitrogen and high nitrogen content increased, through the calculation method of membershipfunction, use of a comprehensive analysis of the mean, and compared the influence of differentnitrogen concentration to Gomphrena globosa, finally learned that four kinds of nitrogenconcentration on Gomphrena globosa is as follows: the influence of N2 > N1 > N3 > NO. Almostunanimously and morphological changes.
4,From the point of plant height and leaf growth, the largest growth of Portulaca grandiflorawas in the second stage of low nitrogen, from the physiological indexes, the highest chlorophyllcontent was the medium nitrogen concentration, the highest content of soluble protein was tfiehigh nitrogen, and the highest activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） werea slight rise phenomenon in the first period, in the follow two phases were showed with change ofrise and fall, malondialdehyde （MDA） content without nitrogen and high nitrogen contentincreased, through the calculation method of membership function, use of a comprehensiveanalysis of the mean, and compared the influence of different nitrogen concentration Portulacagrandiflora, finally learned that four nitrogen concentration Portulaca grandiflora is as follows:
the influence of N2 >N1 >N3 > NO. Almost unanimously with morphological changes.
5.Therewere many influence factc^ of plant physiological responses to nitrogen,comprehensive comparison with multiple indexes, the method of membership grade function wasused for comprehensive analysis, finally learn that four kinds of ornamental plants of nitrogen useefficiency under the first period was as follows: Reineckia carnea var. variegate〉Mscanthussinensis〉Gomphrena globoscO Portulaca grandiflora,four kinds of ornamental plants of nitrogenuse efficiency under the second period was as followscarnea var. variegate>
Gomphrena globoscO Miscanthns sinensis〉Portulaca grandiflora,four kinds of ornamentalplants of nitrogen use efficiency under the third period was as follows: Reineckia carnea var.
variegate〉Gomphrena globosd> Miscanthns sinensis〉Portulaca grandiflora.
Key words: Nitrogen nutrition, Ornamental plants, Physiological effect, Nitrogen use efficiency.
目录
摘要
Abstract
1研究综述
1.1氮素对观赏植物生理和生长影响的研宄概况
1.1.1形态
1.1.2叶绿素
1.1.3可溶性蛋白
1.1.4抗氧化体系
1.2氮素对观赏植物的形态和生理影响的研究意义
1.2.1形态
1.2.2叶绿素
1.2.3可溶性蛋白
1.2.4抗氧化体系
1.3不同植物材料氮素利用效率研究进展
1.4本研究的思路
1.4.1研究意义
1.4.2研究目的
1.5研究创新
2试验的材料与方法
2.1试验材料
2.2试验设计
2.3研究的主要技术手段
2.4 指标的测量
2.4.1形态指标的测量
2.4.2生理指标的测定
2.5分析方法
3观察分析
3.1不同浓度的氮素对四种观赏植物的影响
3.1.1不同浓度的氮素对芒iMiscanthus sinensis）的影响
3.1.2不同浓度的氮素对银边吉祥草iReineckia carnea van variegatd）的影响
3.1.3不同浓度的氮素对千日红（Gomphrenaglobosa、的影响
3.1.4不同浓度的氮素对半支莲（Portulacagrandiflora）的影响
3.2四种观赏植物对氮素利用情况的比较分析
3.2.1不同时期四种植物叶绿素含量变化量的比较
3.2.2不同时期四种植物可溶性蛋白含量变化量的比较
3.2.3不同时期四种植物丙二醛（MDA）含量变化量的比较
3.2.4不同时期四种植物超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性变化的比较
3.2.5不同时期四种植物过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性变化的比较
3.2.6不同时期四种观赏植物氮素利用效率综合评价
4总结与讨论
4.1小结
4.1.1不同浓度的氮素对芒的影响
4.1.2不同浓度的氮素对银边吉祥草的影响
4.13不同浓度的氮素对千日红的影响
4.1.4不同浓度的氮素对半支莲的影响
4.1.5不同时期四种观赏植物的氮素利用效率
4.1.6氮浓度的筛选和四种植物的氮素利用效率
4.2讨论
4.2.1叶绿素含量与氮素浓度
4.2.2可溶性蛋6含量与氮素浓度
4.2.3抗氧化酶以及活性氧和氮素浓度
4.2.4 园林植物氮素营养研究方法的探讨
参考文献
致谢
