摘要
在中国，农业的基础地位一直是无法动摇的，只有能自主解决十三亿人的粮食问题，才可以不必受制于人，可以无后顾之忧地发展工商业，发展我国的经济，提高我国的综合国力，提升我国的世界地位。所以农村的建设显得尤为重要，改革深入到农村，才能在根本上解决问题。因此，“三农问题”始终是中国学术研究所不能忽视的重要领域。村民自治的渐进式发展始终是在国家法制化的重要保障。
2013年11月12日，中共中央发布了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》决定明确提出：“畅通民主渠道，健全基层选举、议事、公开、述职、问责等机制。”村民议事制度就是这样一场农村改制改革中被逼出来的主试验。它如同中国的革命一样，是一场自下而上的民主改革。因为过去的村民代表大会已经不能完全解决决策权虚设的问题。现今，政府鼓励各村根据自身的情况，建立合适的管理制度来巩固农村基层政权以及发展农村经济。各村根据自身的环境以及人口组成的各种情况，在《村民委员会组织法》的约束下，订立实行适合自己的制度，其中，以村民议事制度最为关键。
本文分三个章节探讨村民议事制度及其完善。第一章，第一部分主要讲村民议事制度的产生，村民议事制度究其本源就是村民自治。村民自治可以追溯到古代的乡里制度，村民委员会发中正式确立了农村的村民自治权利。然后论述在当下，村民议事制度的宪法性依据、原则以及作为村民自治新突破的村民议事制度的意义。
第二章，介绍了村民议事制度的形式在现阶段在安徽省合肥市肥西县发展现状，具体分析村民会议、村民代表大会、村民小组会议这三种议事制度在当地的发展和适用情况，并结合发展现状分析原因包括行政村合并，基层农村自治组织管辖范围过大，全体村民会议成本增加；青壮劳动力常年在外打工，村民会议难以达到法定条件和人口流动性增大，稳定性差等。
第三章，着力介绍美国这个高度发达的基层自治国家，村民议事制度的现状与成效，并结合中国的发展情况提出进一步完善该制度的对策建议。三十年来农业改革的实验区，相信也一定能在不久地将来形成自己独居特色的基层村民议事制度，为实现农村地区的民主法治而贡献更大的力量。在“村民会议一村委议事”这条主线之外，需要我们的基层群众充分发挥积极能动性，因地制宜、因时制宜地创造各种多层次的议事形式来满足我国民主法治建设和人民群众的政治民主需要。
关键词：村民会议 议事制度 村民代表大会 基层民主
Abstract
The Study of Rural Political Discussion System is such a democracy experimentthat be forced in the rural reform,As the practice exploration of villagers' autonomy.
The Study of Rural Political Discussion System adopt the 'bottom-up' Democraticreform path apparently because the past villagers congress cannot completely solve> '?--the problem which about decision-making evaded. Now, Government encouragesvillages combine with their own situation to set up the suitable management system tostrengthen the rural grass-roots regime and develop the rural economy. Every villagesaccording to their own situations that include environment and populationcomposition to set up the suitable system which under the constraint of “The villagerscommittee”, In the system,the Rural Political Discussion System is the mostimportant one. With villagers to breach the system building of village-levelgovernance mechanism framework, “generation people advocate” replace “by thepeople in charge,” Focus on “can also rights assign, villagers' autonomy”,inaccordance with the “three separation, two improved,an improved” train of thought,namely, decision-making power and executive power separation, separation of socialfunction and economic function;, the functions of the government and the autonomousfunction separation, strengthen the rural public service and the collective economicorganization management in operation and improve the leadership of the partyorganizations in the rural areas,at the same time of strengthening party leadership.
focus on villagers' autonomy, expand all kinds of social organizations and economiccommunity participation in the new rural construction, do, airing,cultivating,sovereignty to the people at the grass-roots level management innovation.
The paper have 3 parts to study the Rural Political Discussion System.
The first part begin with the produce of the Rural Political Discussion System,the Rural Political Discussion System is along with the development of the Villagersautonomy in the autonomous organization of villagers committee, its origin is thevillagers' autonomy. Then discuss its constitutional principle, basis and the meaning asa new breakthrough of the villagers' self-governance.
The second part introduce the development status in anhui area of the RuralPolitical Discussion System form,and connect with the current development situationto analysis reasons.
The third part focus on to introducing the United States that highly developedgrassroots self-governing nation, its present situation and the results.
Key word: village self-governance discussion system the villagersassembly democracy at the grassroots level
目录
摘 要
Abstract
引 言
村民鹤制度的产生及现实意义
（一）村民议事制度的基本理论
（二）村民议事制度的宪法依据
（三）村民议事制度的原则
（四）村民议事制度的现实意义
二、村民议事制度的现状分析--以合肥市肥西县农村地区为例
（―）村民议事制度现状调查
（二）原因分析
三、我国村民议事制度的完善
（一）村民会议制度的完善
（二）村民议事制度的多元化发展
结 语
参考文献
致 谢
