摘 要
团购作为一种新型的网络购物方式，自 2010 年在我国出现以来就得到了较大规模的发展，在短短的三年内就曾出现过数千家团购网站。但随着网络团购的快速发展，也带来了许多新的问题，尤其对消费者权益的保护提出了挑战。消费者作为一个天然的弱势群体，对其进行保护需要借助法律法规、行政管理、行业规章制度等多项措施。虽然我国在 2013 年就《消费者权益保护法》进行了较大幅度的修改，就网络购物而言增加了消费者的反悔权和举证责任倒置等相关规定，但由于其对网络购物反悔权的适用有严格的限定，加之网络团购具有结合线上付款和线下交易的双重属性，又区别于一般的网络购物，所以本次修订并没有就网络团购中消费者权益保护的根本性问题作出规定。另外，就网络团购的消费者权益保护问题出台了一些地方性立法，相比较而言，针对性较强，其策略也具有可操作性，但由于随着网络交易的不断发展，以专业性垂直网站出现的团购网站成为现在网购市场的一大趋势，这一模式具有很强的跨地域性，所以地方性立法对这一团购模式的消费者权益保护的效果出现了不足。
鉴于此，本文采用了实证分析以及比较分析等研究方法，结合我国网络市场的现状和国外对针对网络团购方面的立法以及实际管理经验，对消费者权益保护的相关问题进行深入分析，并提出了具体的解决措施。
本文一共包含四个部分：首先，从网络团购中的基本问题入手，对网络团购的相关概念、模式到团购主体的法律关系皆进行了深入的分析，并就在网络团购交易中消费者、团购经营者以及实体商家这三方法律主体所扮演的角色和所起的作用做了深入的比较和研究；其次，以网络团购中消费者权益为主线，深入研究了网络团购的交易过程中由于制度的不完善对消费者安全权、隐私权、知情权、公平交易权、求偿权等基本权利可能造成的侵害；再次，介绍了国外以及国际组织对网络团购或网络交易的相关立法以及实际管理经验；最后，针对网络团购可能对消费者权益造成的侵害，结合国内外的实际经验，提出了具体的解决措施，即分析了当今网络环境可能对网络交易造成的损害，也针对网络团购自身的特点提出了争议解决的具体办法，如建立小额纠纷的在线解决机制以及创立专门的风险基金等措施。
本文的创新点在于：将网络团购和消费者权益保护相结合，突破了传统的对消费者权益研究的方式。由于其网络团购消费者兼有在线电子商务消费者与实体消费者的双重属性，处理纠纷适用的实体法和程序法均变得复杂。传统的消费者权益保护法律制度，在网络团购领域，是一个需要重新审视的问题。本文通过对国际相关立法及管理经验的借鉴，从网络团购消费者权益保护机制方面进行了分析，并通过结合实体法和程序法提出了相关建议。
关键词：网络购物 网络团购 消费者权益 法律保护
Abstract
Online Group-purchsing as a new way of of online shopping , since 2010 it has been inChina experienced massive growth in a short span of three years, there have been thousandsof buy site. But with the rapid development of network buy , it also brings a lot of newproblems, especially for consumer protection challenges. Consumers as a natural vulnerablegroups need the help of its laws and regulations, administrative measures , industryregulations , and many other common protection. Although China in 2013 on the " ConsumerProtection Law " had a more substantial changes , the increase in online shopping in terms ofthe relevant provisions of consumers to go back on the right and the burden of proof upsidedown , etc., but because of their right to apply to go back there strictly limited , coupled withdual network buy property under combined online and offline payment transactions, but alsodifferent from the general online shopping, so this amendment does not provide for thefundamental problems in the network buy consumer protection . In addition , consumerprotection issues on the introduction of a network buy some local legislation , comparativelyspeaking , highly targeted , their strategies are workable , but with the continuousdevelopment of network transactions to specialized vertical site appears buy online shoppingsite now become a major trend in the market , this model has a strong cross-regional nature ,so the effect of local consumer protection legislation on the buy mode appeared inadequate.
In view of this , we use a comparative analysis and research methods , such as inductionand deduction , combined with the status quo of China's Internet market and foreignlegislation and the practical management of interpersonal networks for buy experiences onissues related to consumer protection in-depth analysis , and proposed specific solutions.
This article contains a total of four parts: First, from the network to buy the basicproblems, we buy the related concepts of network mode to buy the main legal relations areconducted in-depth analysis , and to consumers in the online Group-buying transactions , buyoperators and businesses in this tripartite legal entity subject 's role and the role has done athorough comparison and research ; secondly , in the interests of consumers to buy thenetwork main line , in-depth study of the transaction due to buy the network system perfectfor the fundamental rights of consumer safety , privacy, the right to information , the right totrade , etc. may result in claims of infringement ; once again introduced a network of foreignand international organizations to buy or network transactions related legislation and practicalmanagement experience ; Finally, network buy may cause the violation of consumer rights ,combined with practical experience at home and abroad , put forward specific solutions thatanalyze the damage of today's network environment may cause network transactions , but alsofor the network to buy their own characteristics the specific measures proposed to resolve thedispute , such as the establishment of small online dispute resolution mechanisms and thecreation of a special risk fund and other measures.
The innovation of this paper is : buy the network and consumer protection by combiningtraditional ways of breaking the research interests of consumers . Because of its dual networkbuy property online e-commerce consumers both consumers and consumer entities , handlingdisputes the applicable substantive and procedural law are complicated. The traditionalsystem of consumer protection laws in the field of network buy, is a need to re -examine theissue. In this paper, by drawing on international legislation and management experiencerelated , were analyzed in terms of network buy consumer protection mechanisms, andthrough a combination of substantive and procedural law put forward relevant proposals.
Keywords : Online Shopping Online Group-purchsing Protection of Consumer rightsLegal Protection
目 录
中文摘要
Abstract
1 引 言
1.1 选题背景与意义
1.1.1 选题的背景
1.1.2 选题的意义
1.2 国内外的研究现状
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
1.3 研究方法与创新
1.3.1 本文研究方法
1.3.2 本文创新点
2 网络团购的界定及法律主体分析
2.1 网络团购的界定
2.1.1 网络团购的概念
2.1.2 网络团购的特征
2.1.3 网络团购的模式
2.2 参与网络团购的法律主体分析
2.2.1 团购网站运营者
2.2.2 网络团购消费者
2.2.3 实体商家
3 我国网络团购消费者权益保护存在的问题及原因分析
3.1 网络团购消费者权益保护存在的问题
3.1.1 消费者隐私权保护问题
3.1.2 消费者安全权保护问题
3.1.3 消费者知情权保护问题
3.1.4 消费者公平交易权保护问题
3.1.5 消费者求偿权保护问题
3.2 网络团购消费者权益受损的原因分析
3.2.1 网络团购消费者权益保护专门立法的缺失
3.2.2 缺乏必要的政府监管
3.2.3 缺乏必要的行业自律
4 网络团购消费者权益保护的域外法考察
4.1 美国在网络团购消费者权益保护方面的经验
4.1.1 美国关于网络购物的立法
4.1.2 美国对消费者权益保护的行政管理
4.2 欧盟在网络团购消费者权益保护方面的经验
4.2.1 欧盟关于网络购物的立法
4.2.2 欧盟各国对消费者权益纠纷解决机制的规定
4.3 国际组织在网络团购消费者保护方面的立法
5 我国网络团购消费者权益保护机制的完善
5.1 健全交易机制
5.1.1 保障交易信息真实、透明
5.1.2 明确在线支付程序中团购网站的责任
5.1.3 保障消费者的线下交易安全
5.2 健全监管机制
5.2.1 严格团购网站的市场准入制度及管理机制
5.2.2 设立严格的商户市场准入制度
5.3 加强社会监督机制
5.3.1 加强团购网站的行业自律
5.3.2 建立第三方信誉评价机制
5.4 完善纠纷解决机制
5.4.1 明确举证责任倒置和原告住所地管辖原则
5.4.2 完善无因退货冷却期制度
5.4.3 完善消费者公益诉讼制度
5.4.4 建立线上小额纠纷解决制度
5.4.5 建立网络团购风险基金制度
结 论
参考文献
后 记
