摘 要
中国是一个具有广阔陆地面积的国度,其森林资源覆盖面积广阔。作为一个林业大国,通过采集森林资源数据服务于经济社会发展和生态文明建设是具有重要意义的。然而森林资源具有地域分布广阔、内容复杂、资源信息量大、数据形式多样、动态变化快等特点,传统的人工管理方式费时费力并且错误率高,将 GIS 在数据集成、管理、分析和区域性展示等技术方面的优势应用到林业资源管理上,可以大大改善林业资源信息化管理及应用的现状。林地资源管理即是对林地数据的管理,林地数据的质量直接影响着林业系统这类基于矢量数据进行统计分析的系统,甚至决定了林业部门在森林决策上的正确性和可靠性,故研究如何对林地矢量数据进行质量检查控制具有十分重要的研究意义。
本文是基于数据质量检查的目的,首先对 GIS 空间数据质量影响因子及常用数据质检方法等相关内容进行了详细分析,将 GIS 空间数据质检与林业领域的林地小班数据质检相结合,参照林业专题数据特征详细阐述了影响林地矢量数据质量的质量元素,并依据其质量元素设计了适用林业领域的林地小班数据质量检查流程方法,通过构建小班数据质检规则库实现了定制化林地矢量数据质量检查功能。基于此目的,本文尝试利用面向对象的思想方法对林业领域需求分析进行模块划分设计,最终采用 C/S 架构以及“松耦合”的形式设计了县级森林资源信息管理系统,并完成了系统的开发工作。
总结本文的研究内容主要有以下几点:
(1)以分析 GIS 空间数据质量控制为基础,将 GIS 技术与林业领域相结合,利用GIS 的技术解决思路处理特定领域的问题。
(2)以空间数据质量检查研究开始,比较了林地小班数据与 GIS 数据的不同之处,详细研究分析了林地小班数据的质量元素及其子元素,为设计构建数据质检规则库奠定了基础。
(3)参照了空间数据常用的质量检查方法,设计出适合于林业部门使用的小班数据质量检查流程和方法,建立小班数据质检规则库将软件代码与质检规则剥离开来,提高了质检软件的灵活性,扩充了软件的适用范畴。
(4)以“县级森林资源信息管理系统”项目为例,结合县级林业部门的日常业务工作,采用 C/S 架构以及“松耦合”的形式实现了森林资源信息管理系统。在系统的模板结构、数据编辑、数据可视化、可定制质检规则、成果数据导出等方面做了详细的模块划分和技术思路设计,为林地小班数据生产和数据质检提供了新的解决思路。系统具有界面友好、功能丰富、操作流程性强等特点,满足了林业领域日常的业务工作,提高其工作效率。
关键词:林地小班;规则数据库;规则匹配;空间拓扑;逻辑检查;图层符号化;属性数据质量检查
Abstract
Our country is a country with a vast land area, covering a vast forest resources. China isa big forestry country, the application of forest resource data is important to the developmentof economic, social, ecological civilization, etc. However, the forestry resources havecharacteristics of the wide geographical distribution, the complex content, amount ofresources information, variety of data formats, the dynamic and rapid change, the traditionalmanual management methods is time-consuming and have higher error rate. The applicationof the advantages of GIS technology which has advantage of data integration, management,analysis and regional display, etc is important to the forestry resource management. It caneffectively improve the situation of forestry resource information management andcomprehensive development and utilization. The forestry resources data is the core of datamanagement system, whose data quality directly affects all the statistical analysis applicationsbased on vector data. And it affects the forestry administrative department decision-making onforest correctness and reliability. So the study of how to control and check forest vector dataquality has a very important significance.
The paper analyzes the GIS spatial data quality elements and relevant contents of dataquality control methods in detail from the perspective of data quality checking. Combiningthe forestry sub-compartment data quality inspection methods with the GIS spatial dataquality checking methods. It expounds the impact on the quality of forestry vector dataquality elements with reference to the forestry thematic reference data features, and a forestrysub-compartment data quality inspection process method was design for forestry according toits quality elements. It implements customized sub-compartment vector data quality checkingmethod by building the small class data quality checking rule base. On the basis of use ofobject-oriented thinking way, Client-Server architecture and “loosely coupled” form, the finaldesign of the county forest resources information management system and system coding wascompleted through analysis the forestry needs.
In summary, the main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) Combining GIS technology and forestry fields to deal with specific areas using GIStechnology solution and based on analyzing GIS spatial data quality control technology.
(2) Begining with a spatial data quality inspection research, it compare the differencesbetween the forestry sub-compartment data and the GIS data. The quality element and itschildren in forestry subcompartment data were analysis in detail, which lays solid foundationfor the design of data quality checking rule database.
(3) With reference to the spatial data quality inspection method, the forestrysub-compartment data inspection processes and methods which is suitable for forestry usewere designed. It realizes the peel of data quality checking rules and software code throughthe establishment of subcompartment data quality checking rule database, and it improves thequality control software flexibility and expands the scope of the data checking system.
(4) For the “ Forestry Resources Information Management System for County Sector” asan example, the forest resources information management system was achieved based on C/Sarchitecture and “Loosely Coupled” formats through analysising the daily operations of thecounty forestry sector. A detailed module division and technical ideas were designed in thetemplate structure of the system, data editing, data visualization, customizable quality controlrules, the result data exporting, it put forward practical solutions for data production and dataquality control. The system has friendly interface, feature-rich function, specific operationalprocedures, and other characteristics, and it meets the need of the daily operational work inthe field of forestry perfectly and improves their working efficiency.
Keywords: Forestry subcompartment; Rule database; Rule matching; Spatial topology; Logicchecking; Features symbolized; Attributes quality checking
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
目 录
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景及研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 空间数据质量检查研究现状
1.2.2 林地专题数据质量检查研究现状
1.3 研究内容与技术路线
1.3.1 研究内容
1.3.2 技术路线
1.4 论文组织
第 2 章 空间数据质量控制分析
2.1 空间数据质量分析
2.1.1 GIS 数据误差来源
2.1.2 空间数据质量控制
2.1.3 数据质量检查常用方法
2.2 林地矢量数据分析
2.2.1 林地小班数据
2.2.2 林地小班的划分
2.3 林地小班数据质量检查分析
2.3.1 林地数据误差来源
2.3.2 林地小班数据质量检查内容
2.4 本章小结
第 3 章 林地小班数据质量检查方法设计
3.1 林地小班数据质量检查流程方法
3.2 林地数据质量检查规则数据库
3.2.1 小班空间几何质量检查表
3.2.2 小班属性数据质量检查表
3.2.3 图属逻辑一致性检查表
3.2.4 数据可视化表达符号库
3.3 成果输出预定义库
3.4 林地小班数据质量检查系统
3.4 本章小结
第 4 章 林地小班数据质量检查方法实例验证
4.1 系统研发背景和目标
4.1.1 系统研发背景
4.1.2 系统实验目标
4.2 系统整体架构
4.2.1 项目研发路线
4.2.2 系统结构
4.3 系统的设计与实现
4.3.1 系统实现环境
4.3.2 林地小班数据质量检查
4.3.3 林地资源成果数据统计输出
4.4 功能模块设计
4.4.1 图形显示及操作模块
4.4.2 小班数据质量检查模块
4.4.3 成果数据制作输出模块
4.4.4 系统规则库维护模块
4.5 本章小结
第 5 章 总结与展望
5.1 全文总结
5.2 论文展望
参考文献
致 谢