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中文摘要
证据的合法性是与证据的客观性、关联性并列的证据属性之一,行政诉讼因其审查对象的特殊,因而对证据合法性的要求也就更高,同时对证据运作程序过程中的规范制定要求更细致和特殊。但我国行政诉讼制度自二十世纪九十年代确立至今,尽管在立法价值上肯定了证据合法性,但是在行政诉讼制度中如何系统运作证据合法性尚不清晰。
学者在基础理论上也往往忽视行政诉讼证据合法性与其他民事诉讼和刑事诉讼证据合法性之间的区别,直接移植民事诉讼和刑事诉讼的现有成果。由于立法的漏洞和法学研究的滞后,我国现行的行政诉讼证据制度无法满足司法实践的要求。因此需要借鉴现有研究成果,立足于行政诉讼领域,以基础理论为线索进一步对行政诉讼证据规则尤其是行政诉讼证据合法性审查进行研究,明确行政诉讼证据合法性的审查标准,如证据形式的合法性审查标准、证据收集的合法性审查标准、证据使用的合法性审查标准,对确定证据审查的规则和范围、提高诉讼效率、促进实体公正的实现具有指导意义,从而指导当前司法实践。这一研究将实质回答哪些证据材料具有证据资格,这是规范证明力的首步,可以有助于行政诉讼证据制度的反思和重构,还可以解决证据适用上的难点问题,提供解决司法难点的可行性方案。
关键词:行政诉讼证据;合法性;审查标准
Abstract
The legitimacy of the evidence is one of the attribute of evidence which juxtaposed withthe objectivity of evidence, relevance of evidence, because of the administrative litigation hasspecial review object, the legality of the evidence has the higher request of tight degree, and ithas more detailed evidence operation process and specific specification requirements. Sinceestablished in the 1990 s, although our country administrative litigation system affirmed thelegitimacy of evidence in the legislative value, but how to operate the system oiadministrative litigation system function legitimacy of evidence is not yet clear. Scholars tendto ignore the administrative litigation evidence legality in basic theory and the other evidencelegality difference between direct transplantation of civil litigation and criminal litigation,they usually directly transplant the civil litigation and criminal litigation's existingachievements. Because of the lagging behind of the loopholes of legislation and jurisprudencein our country、current administrative litigation evidence system can not meet therequirements of the judicial practice. So we need to draw lessons from existing researchresults, based on the field of administrative litigation, to the basic theory for further clues onadministrative litigation evidence rule, especially administrative litigation evidence legalityreview study,clear the legality of the administrative litigation evidence censorship standards,such as the legitimacy of evidence form review standard, the legitimacy of the evidencecollection review,the legitimacy of evidence examination standard, have the guide meaningto promote determine the scope of the review of evidence rules and,improving the efficiencyof lawsuit and the realization of entity justice,so as to guide the judicial practice at present。
This research will be real to answer what evidence material has qualification of evidence, thisis the first step specification probative, can help to reflection and reconstruction of theadministrative litigation evidence system, can also solve the problem of difficulties olevidence applicable, provide feasible solutions to legal difficulties.
Keywords: Administrative litigation evidence; Legitimacy; Examination standard
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