本篇论文目录导航:
【题目】新闻自由的保障与制约体系构建
【第一章】我国新闻立法的历史考察
【第二章】域外新闻立法的相关考察
【第三章】中国制定《新闻法》的必要性探讨
【第四章】我国新闻立法的内容的相关建议及构想
【结语/参考文献】新闻法律体系的建设研究结语与参考文献
中文摘要及关键词
摘要:自十九世纪后半期近代意义上的报刊被引入中国,时至今日已有一百多年。伴随着社会的不断发展,肩负着宣传、引导、监督等社会作用的新闻媒体越来越成为当下我国构建和谐社会所不可或缺的一部分。然而,由于长期以来我国《新闻法》的悬而未立,使得新闻媒体及相关从业者缺乏足够的限制与规范。这种现状导致了新闻媒体这个不容忽视的强大力量不仅是社会发展和民主法制建设的推动力量,同时也会给社会带来一些其他的影响。
实际上,早在 1894 年,我国早期维新思想理论家郑观应便曾在《盛世危言》中提到,应针对新闻媒体妥订章程: “禁报馆妄言,以肃观听”.其后,戊戌维新运动中清末新闻法制建设第一次被付诸实践。民国政府和新中国政府也都曾订立或者试图订立过相关的新闻法律,然而由于种种原因均未能延续至今。
作者认为,就重要性而言,《新闻法》是设定政府规制新闻自由界限的重要法律,是保护宪法所确定的基本的政治权利和自由,在我国的法律体系中《新闻法》应当属于基本型的行业调整法,如果是这样,那么标志着我国的法律体系已经趋于完备。因此,我以《新闻法》立法的相关问题为选题,以期我国能够拥有一部《新闻法》来全面保障新闻自由,同时对其予以制约。也希望通过自己在这篇论文中提到的一些建议,为我国制定《新闻法》提供一些可能的参考。
本文正文共四部分,第一部分系统的回顾了我国近代以来至今的新闻法立法概况,以期从历史上的立法过程及成果中汲取经验,为当下我国的《新闻法》立法工作提供参考;第二部分为域外新闻立法的相关考察,作者将研究的视角转向国外,试图从当今世界两大主流法系(即大陆法系和英美法系)的新闻立法中获取经验,为当下我国的《新闻法》立法工作提供参考;论文的第三部分旨在探讨中国制定《新闻法》的必要性,作者从法理、现实需求及意义等方面对我国制定《新闻法》的必要性进行研究,以试图论证我国当下制定《新闻法》的必要性与紧迫性;第四部分,也即本论文的最后一部分,作者着重就我国新闻立法的内容提出了自己的一些建议及构想,试图在参酌我国历史和域外相关新闻立法经验的基础上,提出自己对我国新闻立法的一些设想。
关键词:新闻法;新闻媒体;新闻自由;新闻立法
Abstract and Key words
Abstract:It has been 100 years since the newspapers in the modern timewere introduced into China in the second half of the nineteenth century.
With the continuous development of society, the news media thatshoulders the social roles of publicity, guidance and supervision hasincreasingly become an integral part in building the harmonious society.
However, as China's “press law” hasn't been legislated for a long time,the news media and related practitioners lack sufficient limitations andspecifications. This situation makes the news media become a drivingforce for social development and the construction of democracy and legalsystem, but also bring some instability to the social .
In fact, as early as 1894, the theorist of the early reformers ZhenGuanying said that the articles should be properly set for the news media.
Subsequently, during the Hundred Days Reform Movement in the lateQing, the construction of the news legal system was first put into practice.
The government of the Republic and the new Chinese government havemade or attempted to make any relevant news laws, however, for variousreasons, these news laws are unable to use today.
The authors believe that, in terms of the importance, “press law” is animportant law that the government regulates the boundaries of pressfreedom. It is the law that protects the political rights and freedoms of thecitizens' press and speech which are determined by the Constitution.Andit is also the bracket law of Constitution and its related laws. Whether toformulate the press law or not is a basis to measure whether the socialistlegal system is complete or not. Therefore, basing on the relevant issuesof the legislation of the press law, the authors expects that our countrycould have a “press law” to fully guarantee the freedom of the press andrestrict it. Meanwhile, the author also hopes that she can make her ownmodest contribution to the legislation work of the press law through herstudy.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is a systematicreview of the overview of the press law since the modern times, in orderto take in some experience from the legislative process and the results inthe history to provide some reference for the legislation work of the presslaw in current China. The second part is the related investigation ofextraterritorial press legislation. The author studies it in the perspective ofabroad aspect, trying to get some experience from today's two main laws( ie, civil law and common law ) to provide a reference for our current“Press Law” legislation. The third part is to explore the necessity offormulating the press law in China. The author studies it in terms of thelegal theory, practical needs and significance in an attempt to demonstratethe necessity and urgency of formulating the press law in current China.
In the fourth part (the last part of this thesis), the author puts forward herown suggestions and ideas about the content of the press legislation inChina. Meanwhile, the author also raises some ideas on the presslegislation in China based on the reference to related experience of presslegislation in China's history and abroad.
Key words:press law; press media; press freedom; press legislation
目录
中文摘要及关键词
Abstract and Key words
一、我国新闻立法的历史考察
(一)清末新闻法律的产生及其至建国期间的发展
(二)建国以后我国新闻法律的发展及内容
1. 草创期
2. 停滞期
3. 快速发展期
(三)近年来我国新闻法律的发展
二、域外新闻立法的相关考察
(一)制定专门的新闻法立法形式的考察
1.法国的《出版自由法》
2.韩国的《新闻法》
(二)不制定专门的新闻法立法形式的考察
1.美国法律对新闻的相关规定
2.英国法律对新闻的相关规定
(三) 比较结论--对我国新闻立法的借鉴意义
三、中国制定《新闻法》的必要性探讨
(一) 中国实施《新闻法》的法理依据
1. 《新闻法》是保障公民民主权利的重要法律
2. 制定《新闻法》符合社会主义法治理念
(二) 制定《新闻法》符合中国国情
1. 媒体监督和司法独立之间的矛盾日益加深
2. 新闻官司中“无法可依”的现象频出
3. 公权力对新闻媒体的过度限制导致新闻自由的缺失
(三)中国实施《新闻法》的现实意义
1.制定《新闻法》可进一步规范新闻媒体
2.制定《新闻法》有利于新闻媒体的良性发展
3.《新闻法》是保障社会和谐的有效工具
四、 我国新闻立法的内容的相关建议及构想
(一)《新闻法》在我国法律体系中的地位
(二)《新闻法》的立法宗旨
1.《新闻法》应是新闻自由保障法
2.《新闻法》应是新闻行业调整法
(三) 《新闻法》的基本原则
1.宪法原则
2.公平原则
3.民主原则
4.科学原则
(四) 《新闻法》立法需要解决的问题
1. 明确新闻自由应当包含的实质性内容
2. 相关的配套制度及法律体系
3. 考虑影响《新闻法》制定的时机因素
结语
致谢