德国现象学哲学问题探究

　　中 文 摘 要
　　
　　本论文的主旨是追问什么是现象学哲学？通过先后对“现象”意识和“事态”意识的生成过程进行考证，明确“现象”意识和“事态”意识的来源和内涵。“现象”意识和“事态”意识分别构成现象学认识方法的世界观和方法论。现象是外界刺激在主观世界里的显现，基于现象基础上的事态意识是人类主观意识对现象的理解和建构。事态就是现象相对于主体的意义显现，人类从直观现象中发觉现象的意义的态势，通过事态来理解现象本身并做出行为判断。以现象为认识基础的事态意识是沟通人类主观意识和经验现象界的中间环节。现象学即以直观现象作为认识的可靠信息来源的世界观，通过确立事态意识作为对直观现象进行理解的方法论，而使现象学确立起来。现象和事态密不可分。事态意识可以对应自然现象和人文现象。本论文中的“事态”含义倾向于对现实生活世界中的事件的态势的认识和理解。
　　
　　本论文通过对现象事态的普遍化和共通性的阐释，使现象学上升到现象学哲学的高度，使现象学哲学确立起来。并且，解读和认定德国哲学家尼采的哲学思想更接近于现象学哲学的表现。本论文创新点在于考证了“现象”意识和“事态”意识的生成过程，并且，论述了现象学哲学原理和特征，为理解现象学和现象学哲学提供一种新的思维。
　　
　　关键词：
　　
　　现象学 现象学哲学 事态 事件 尼采 批判形而上学 洛克 关系观念
　　
　　Abstract
　　
　　The main purpose of this thesis is to examine what is phenomenological philosophy? Throughthe research of the generation of the phenomenon consciousness and the awareness of the situation,the origin and connotation of the phenomenon consciousness and the state of the situation are clearlydefined Phenomenon consciousness and “state of affairs” consciousness constitute the worldoutlook and methodology of phenomenological epistemology. The phenomenon is the appearance ofthe external stimuli in the subjective world, and the consciousness of the events based on thephenomenon is the understanding and construction of the phenomenon of human subjectiveconsciousness The situation is the phenomenon of the phenomenon relative to the main body, thephenomenon of human beings from the phenomenon of the phenomenon of significance, through thesituation to understand the phenomenon itself and make behavior judgments. The awareness of thephenomenon is the intermediate link between the subjective consciousness and the experience of thehuman being Phenomenology is the world view of the reliable information source, which isrecognized as the source of the information, and the method of establishing the situationconsciousness as a way of understanding the phenomenon, and making the phenomenology establish.
　　
　　Phenomenon and situation inseparable. The situation can correspond to natural phenomenon andhuman phenomenon. The “events” in this thesis tend to understand and understand the situation ofevents in real life world.
　　
　　In this thesis, the phenomenon consciousness is affirmed, and the progress of the phenomenonof the German philosopher Kant's “first critique” is affirmed Part of the awareness of the situationmainly from the British philosopher John Locke that entity concept is just a theory hypothesis, putforward the relationship between the concept and identified concepts is than entity concept moreclear, more understand the concept and the development of the formation. German philosopher StumPhu stressed that the phenomenon is both subjective and objective factors of the neutralconsciousness, and the phenomenon of the logical form, named as the situation “.
　　
　　In this paper the universality of phenomenon state of affairs and the connectivity ofinterpretation, makes phenomenology rises to a height of phenomenological philosophy, thephenomenological philosophy established. And, the philosophical thought of German philosopherNietzsche is closer to the manifestation of phenomenological philosophy The innovation of thepaper is a textual research of the formation process of consciousness of consciousness of”phenomenon“ and ”situation“, and discusses the phenomenological philosophy principle andcharacteristics, to understand the phenomenon and phenomenological philosophy provides a newway of thinking.
　　
　　Keywords:
　　
　　Phenomenology Phenomenological philosophy state of affairs Event Nietzsche Criticalmetaphysics Locke Relational idea


　　目 录
　　
　　导 论
　　
　　第 1 章 现象学的生成路径
　　
　　1.1 现象意识的雏形
　　
　　1.2 现象意识的论证
　　
　　1.3 现象意识的确立
　　
　　第 2 章 现象学的事态意识
　　
　　2.1 事态意识的萌发
　　
　　2.2 事态意识的推演
　　
　　2.3 事态意识的形成
　　
　　第 3 章 事态意识是意向基础
　　
　　3.1 事态与视域
　　
　　3.2 事态与行为
　　
　　3.3 事态与价值
　　
　　3.4 事态与情感
　　
　　第 4 章 现象学哲学的原理
　　
　　4.1 现象事态的普通化
　　
　　4.2 现象事态的共通性
　　
　　4.3 现象事态的冲突
　　
　　4.4 现象事态的思辨
　　
　　第 5 章 现象学哲学的特征
　　
　　5.1 认识论意义的现象
　　
　　5.2 认识论意义的事态
　　
　　5.3 本体论意义的现象
　　
　　5.4 本体论意义的事态
　　
　　第 6 章 现象学哲学的意义
　　
　　6.1 现象学哲学的意义
　　
　　6.2 现象事态意识的意义
　　
　　6.3 在现实现象事态中思索人
　　
　　6.4 在想象现象事态中思索人
　　
　　结 论
　　
　　参考文献
　　
　　后 记