摘 要
我国 2012 年通过了新修改的《民事诉讼法》,此次修正对民事诉讼法中的许多制度进行了调整和完善,许多制度的改革都显得比较科学化和人性化,这些制度的改革都将对我国民事诉讼活动以及民诉法本身的发展产生巨大的促进作用。在此次对民诉法的改革中,对协议管辖制度的各方面内容也做了比较大的调整,一方面协议管辖制度对于国内的案件适用范围在一定程度上得到了扩展,使国内与涉外民事诉讼可适用的案件范围得以统一,另一方面该制度可选择的管辖法院不只限于原来的五个法院,增加了与案件争议有实际联系法院。另外,在民事诉讼中我们开始承认默示协议管辖制度。这些改进体现出了我国的立法在管辖制度方面所做的努力和进步。
但是,协议管辖制度在立法的细节上还存在一些问题,例如有些概念的范围界定不清,有些方面虽然有法律规定却不具体,缺乏操作性。这些问题使该制度的功能发挥受到了影响,因此,为了促进该制度功能的充分发挥,对该制度的进一步修正就显得很有必要。笔者认为在协议管辖制度适用的范围、案件的管辖法院以及协议管辖的形式上有必要采取一种更开放的态度。
本文首先介绍协议管辖制度的基本理论,又通过比较新旧民诉法的不同,在借鉴国际及外国在该制度的立法上,分析了我国新修改的民诉法的进步以及不足,最后给出了一些完善的建议。除引言和结论外,全文主要由四大部分组成。
第一部分阐述了协议管辖制度的基本理论。笔者分别从协议管辖制度的内涵、协议管辖的分类、适用条件、实行协议管辖的必要性以及其目的对该制度进行了基本介绍。
第二部分结合新修改的《民事诉讼法》和原《民事诉讼法》在协议管辖制度的不同,介绍了他们的基本内容,并且将他们进行了对比,论述了此次修改在协议管辖制度方面的改进和突破,最后对此次修改的优缺点进行了综合评价。
第三部分首先介绍了两大法系的主要国家在协议管辖制度上的不同规定和态度,又介绍了协议管辖制度在国际上的发展趋势以及这些趋势对我国的启示意义。
第四部分针对以上论述发现的问题,结合协议管辖制度的基本原理和两大法系的主要国家在该制度上的不同规定以及国际发展趋势,提出了一些改进和完善的意见。
关键词:协议管辖;协议管辖制度;意思自治;适用范围;自主权;
ABSTRACT
Our country passed new civil procedure law in 2012, many of thecorrection of the civil procedure law system have been adjusted andperfected, the reform of the system of many appear more scientific andhumanistic, the reform of the system of these will be to our country civillitigation activities and the development of the civilian law itself have ahuge role in promoting. In the reform in the civilian method, content andaspects of the agreement jurisdiction system made a larger adjustment, onthe one hand, agreement jurisdiction system in the domestic case scope hasgrown to a certain extent, make the scope of domestic and foreign-relatedcivil procedure applicable cases to unification, on the other hand, thesystem can choose the jurisdiction of the court is not limited to, the fiveoriginal court increased the actual connection with the case dispute court.
In addition, we began to admit implied agreement in civil lawsuitjurisdiction system, these improvements, reflects our country's legislativeefforts and progress in the jurisdiction system.
But the details of the agreement jurisdiction system in legislation stillhas some problems, for example, some concepts of scope is not clear,although there are some aspects of the law there are no specific and lack ofprovability in practice, these problems make the system function of theaffected, therefore, in order to be full play to the system function and thefurther correction of the system is very necessary. The author thinks thatthe agreement jurisdiction system applicable scope, the case shall be underthe jurisdiction of the court and the form of agreement jurisdiction isnecessary to adopt a more liberal attitude.
This paper first introduce the basic theory of agreement jurisdictionsystem, and through comparing the old and new civilian method is different,in reference to the international and foreign legislation in the system,analyzes the new changes of the progress and deficiency of civilian method,finally gives some perfect Suggestions.Besides preface and conclusion, thefull text mainly consists of four mostThe first part expounds the basic theory of agreement jurisdictionsystem. The author respectively from the content of the agreementjurisdiction system in our country, applicable condition, the classificationof the agreement jurisdiction, the necessity of implementing agreementjurisdiction and the purpose of the system to introduce the basic.
Second part combining the new changes of the civil procedure law andthe civil procedure law in different agreement jurisdiction system, thispaper introduces the basic content of their, and compares them, discussesthe change in terms of the agreement jurisdiction system improvement andbreakthrough, finally the advantages and disadvantages of this change andcomprehensive evaluation.
The third part firstly introduces the major countries of two lawsystems on the agreement jurisdiction system of different rules and attitude,and introduces the agreement jurisdiction system in internationaldevelopment trend and the trend of the significance of our country.
The fourth part in view of the above, discussed the problems found incombination with the basic principle of the agreement jurisdiction systemand the main countries of two law systems in the different provisions on thesystem and the international development trend, put forward a few ideas toimprove and perfect.
KEY WORDS: agreement jurisdiction; The agreement jurisdictionsystem; Autonomy; Scope of application; autonomy;
目 录
摘 要……1
ABSTRACT ……1
目 录……1
引 言……1
第一章 民事诉讼协议管辖概述……3
一、民事诉讼协议管辖的基本范畴……3
(一)民事诉讼协议管辖的内涵……3
(二)协议管辖的特征……4
(三)民事诉讼协议管辖的分类……5
二、民事诉讼协议管辖的目的……6
三、民事诉讼协议管辖的正当性……7
(一)体现了民法中当事人意思自治原则 ……7
(二)与法理中追求自由、正义等价值取向相契合……8
(三)可以有效保障当事人的合法权利的行使 ……10
(四)符合我国社会主义市场经济的发展的现实需求……10
第二章 我国民事诉讼协议管辖制度的立法演进……12
一、我国原民诉法的限制性规定……12
(一)协议管辖案件的适用范围过窄且不明确 ……13
(二)协议管辖的选择法院范围不合理……14
(三)管辖协议的形式要求过于严格和单一 ……14
二、新《民事诉讼法》对协议管辖制度的扩张性规定……14
(一)案件适用范围……15
(二)选择法院的范围……16
(三)形式要件……16
(四)取消管辖错误作为再审事由……16
(五)协议管辖制度的整合……17
三、我国协议管辖制度评析……17
第三章 民事协议管辖制度的域外观察……20
一、两大法系协议管辖制度的历史发展……20
(一)大陆法系国家协议管辖制度的主要内容 ……20
(二)英美法系国家协议管辖制度的主要内容 ……22
(三)小结……23
二、国际协议管辖制度的发展趋势……24
(一)协议管辖的适用范围不断扩展……24
(二)协议管辖的形式要求更加开放……24
(三)协议管辖的选择法院要求更加开放 ……25
(四)协议管辖安排日益重视保护弱者……25
第四章 我国民事诉讼协议管辖制度的完善……26
一、我国民事诉讼协议管辖存在的问题……26
(一)协议管辖适用范围狭窄……26
(二)协议管辖形式要求严格……27
(三)被选法院范围较窄……27
(四)我国民事诉讼协议管辖的限制缺失 ……27
二、我国民事诉讼协议管辖的制度完善……28
(一)分析应诉管辖中被告到庭行为的性质 ……28
(二)制定对滥用协议管辖制度者的惩罚机制 ……28
(三)处理好协议管辖与管辖权转移的关系 ……28
结 论……30
参考文献……32