【摘要】
婚姻关系是家庭的纽带,家庭关系又是组成社会结构的基础。婚姻关系自古以来就是人身权利和财产权利的复杂混合形式,古人云婚姻讲究“名分”二字,所谓“名”即夫妻间身份权的缔结;所谓“分”即夫妻间财产关系的确认。由此可见,对于婚姻关系来说其中婚姻财产关系是其中及其重要且必不可少的组成部分。
我国婚姻法历经三次立法,现行婚姻法修订于 2001 年,该法自实施至今已有 13 年的时间,期间最高人民法院根据在司法实践过程中遇到的实际问题,考虑到社会经济水平不断发展,婚姻家庭纠纷种类和形式日益增加,对此法先后进行了三次司法解释。2001 年和 2003 年分别颁布了《婚姻法司法解释(一)》和《婚姻法司法解释(二)》,2011 年《婚姻法司法解释(三)》的颁布更是引起了社会各界的关注与热议,评论亦是褒贬不一。家庭是社会中最小的组成单位,婚姻家庭关系的稳定是一个国家社会稳定的前提,而婚姻财产关系又是婚姻家庭关系中的重中之重。因此,本文主要从以下几个方面来论述和分析婚姻法及其司法解释关于夫妻财产若干问题。
第一部分主要介绍夫妻共同财产制度的相关内容;第二部分进一步介绍夫妻个人财产辨析的问题,同时为下面具体夫妻财产问题的分析做背景说明和铺垫;第三部开始分析具体财产问题,即夫妻一方个人财产婚后产生的收益归属问题,着重分析《婚姻法司法解释(三)》中新条款与 2001 年婚姻法条款的结合和辨析并提出立法评价和建议意见;第四部分主要对夫妻一方继承、受赠财产的归属问题进行分析,该问题仅在 2001 年婚姻法及《婚姻法司法解释(二)》中有所涉及,根据现金社会经济发展和司法实践情况同样做辨析和提出相应的立法建议;第五部分开始分析夫妻一方获得知识产权中尚未取得收益的归属问题,该部分内容从知识产权的特殊属性入手,对知识产权的收益和婚姻财产相应法律内容相结合,亦提出了一些立法建议和意见。
【关键词】 婚姻财产;个人财产收益归属;知识产权收益归属;继承、受赠财产归属
【Abstract】
Marriage is the bond of family, family relations are the basic component of socialstructure. Mixed form of marriage relationship since ancient times is the personalrights and property rights, the ancients cloud marriage “name and rights” two words,the so-called “name” is the right of identity between husband and wife is concluded;the so-called “rights” between husband and wife property relationship confirmation.Thus, for the marriage of the marital property relations is part of one of the importantand necessary.
The marriage law of our country three times after the legislation, the existingmarriage law revised in 2001, since the implementation of the law has been 13 years,during the period of the Supreme People's court according to the actual problems metin judicial practice process, taking into account the level of social economydevelopment, the types and forms of marriage and family disputes is increasing, thismethod has three judicial interpretations. In 2001 and 2003 respectively, promulgatedthe “marriage law judicial interpretation (one)” and “the marriage law judicialinterpretation (two)”, 2011 “marriage law judicial interpretation (three)” thepromulgation is causing concern and hot discussion comments from all sectors ofsociety, is also a mixed. Family is the smallest unit of the society, the relation ofmarriage and family stability is a national social stability of the premise, and thematrimonial property relation is the priority among priorities in the marriage andfamily relations. Therefore, this article mainly from the following several aspects todiscuss and analyze the marriage law and its judicial interpretation on several issuesof marital property.
Related to the contents of the first part mainly introduces the common propertysystem of husband and wife; the second part further describes the problem ofdiscrimination of the personal property of husband and wife, also do the backgroundnote for the analysis of the specific marital property problem and bedding; analysis ofspecific property problem third start, namely the problem of ownership and incomegenerating one spouse's personal property after marriage, focuses on the analysis of“marriage law the judicial interpretation (three)” in the combination of new terms andconditions of the marriage law in 2001 and analysis and put forward the legislativeevaluation and suggestions; the fourth part mainly belonging to one party of thecouple problem of inheritance, the donated property is analyzed, the problem only in2001 “marriage law and marriage law judicial interpretation (two)” to be involved,according to the cash social economic development and the judicial practice also doanalysis and put forward the corresponding legislative suggestion; the fifth part beginsto analyze a spouse by revenue attribution has not been made in intellectual propertyrights, this part starts from the special attribute of the intellectual property right, thecorresponding legal content of intellectual property income and marital propertycombination, also put forward some legislative suggestions and opinions.
[Key Words] marital property, ownership of Personal property andincome, ownership of Intellectual property and income, ownership ofdonated property and inheritan
目 录
导 言……1
第一章 夫妻共同财产制度概述……2
第一节 夫妻共同财产的定义及辨析……2
第二节 我国的夫妻财产制内容……2
第三节 夫妻共同财产的类型、界定和构成……3
第二章 夫妻个人财产的辨析问题……5
第一节 夫妻个人财产的内容……5
第二节 比较法内容的辨析……5
第三节 我国法律规定及学界的观点……7
第四节 立法建议……8
一、一方的婚前财产……9
二、一方因身体受伤害获得的医疗费、残疾人生活补助费等费用……9
三、遗嘱或赠与合同中确定只归夫或妻一方的财产……11
四、一方专用的生活用品……11
五、其他应当归一方的财产……12
第三章 夫妻一方个人财产婚后产生收益归属问题……15
第一节 婚前财产于婚后产生利益的种类……15
第二节 比较法内容的辨析……16
第三节 我国法律规定及学界的观点……17
一、从我国婚姻制度的演变来看……17
二、从市场因素合理性来看……18
三、从法律体系的合理性来看……18
第四节 立法建议……19
一、夫妻一方个人财产的具体类型和时间性考量……19
二、夫妻一方个人财产的“孳息”的归属考量……19
三、夫妻一方个人财产的自然增值和主动增值的辨析考量……20
第四章 夫妻一方继承、受赠与财产的归属问题……21
第一节 继承、受赠与财产的概述……21
第二节 比较法内容的辨析……21
第三节 我国法律规定及学界的观点……23
第四节 立法建议……25
一、夫妻一方继承、受赠与财产的归属的一般规则与社会经济发展的矛盾……25
二、夫妻一方继承、受赠与财产的归属如何体现夫妻协力的因素……26
第五章 夫妻一方获得知识产权中尚未取得收益的归属问题……27
第一节 知识产权及其相关收益的概述……27
第二节 知识产权相关内容的辨析……28
一、知识产权的收益是不是孳息……28
二、知识产权不同阶段与婚姻关系存续的辨析……29
三、知识产权在夫妻财产范畴内的归属……29
第三节 我国法律规定及学界的观点……32
一、从我国婚姻制度的演变来看……32
二、从市场因素合理性来看……33
第四节 立法建议……33
一、如何认定夫妻一方个人知识产权的时间结点……33
二、如何界定夫妻协力对知识产权尚未取得的收益归属的影响……34
三、对于知识产权尚未取得的收益归属的几个原则……34
结 语……36
参考文献……37