双职工家庭高中生亲子关系探析

　　
　　新中国成立以来，随着传统社会向现代社会加速转型，男女平等成为共识，女性追求职业发展成为一种常态；同时伴随着不断提升的物价水平，越来越多的女性为了适应与日俱增的社会成本而走出家庭，这就造成了双职工家庭数量显着增多。父母双双就业对子女的教育是否会产生影响值得我们思考。高中阶段是青少年身心健康发展的关键时期和敏感时期，在此期间青少年不但会形成理想信念、道德品质、自我意识、情绪情感、个性人格，同时还需要面对高考的巨大压力，所以这一时期，家庭的影响至关重要，亲子关系深刻影响着高中生的身心健康。那么，作为双职工家庭中的父母如何才能有效地教育引导高中生子女，形成亲子之间的良性互动，从而帮助子女健康成长，是一个非常现实而紧迫的问题。
　　
　　本文选取江西省九江市A高中学生中的部分双职工家庭学生及其父母作为研究对象，综合运用个案访谈、问卷调查等方法，分析研究亲子之间的互动模式，发现A高中双职工家庭中大部分父母与子女之间能够做到和谐相处，互相关爱和理解；少部分家庭亲子关系紧张，沟通不畅。并就不同年级的高中生家庭之间和不同文化程度家长之间的亲子关系情况进行比较，发现在沟通时间上，由于升学压力等原因，高一年级学生和家长沟通时间最长，高三年级学生和家长的沟通时间最短；在沟通效果上，不同年级之间没有显着差异；在沟通态度上，高一年级学生刚刚进入新的环境，对父母的依赖最强，沟通态度最好；高三年级学生学习压力最大，成绩的好坏影响到他们的心情，沟通态度次之；高二年级学生与家长沟通态度最差，不同年级之间有显着差异。通过调查，我们了解到家长子女之间理解与认知水平的差异、家长自身文化水平、家长对子女教养方式、父母之间关系、亲子沟通时间、学校的教育引导等因素对双职工家庭的亲子关系具有显着的影响，而亲子关系会对高中生的学习成绩、社会化和心理健康水平产生显着影响。在此基础上，我们提出了解决双职工家庭高中生亲子关系问题的对策，包括通过个案工作方法解决双职工家庭亲子间的情绪冲突，通过小组工作方法提升亲子间的互动交流效果，通过社区工作方法积极发挥学校在增进亲子沟通方面的重要作用。
　　
　　关键词：双职工家庭   高中生   亲子关系
　　 　　
　　Since the establishment of new China, trad itional society was transformed intomodern society rapidly. It is generally accepted that women has the same social statusas  men  and they should pursue their care er  development.  Meanwhile, with rapidincreasing in price, a large quantity of family women have to go out for living, whichleads to general increase in dual career families. The senior high school period is avital time for teenagers when they are pur suing ideals and f aith, cultivating ethicalcharacter, developing self-awareness, consolidating emotion and shaping personality.
　　
　　If parents don't pay great attention to their children in this period, many psychologicaland behavioral problems m ay occur easily. Under the background, it is a realisticalchallenge  and a m eaningful  and worthwh ile  topic that we should learn how toimprove parent-child relations and increase efficiency of emotional communication indual career families.
　　
　　In the paper, I take some dual career families of A middle school in Jiujiang as anexample, using case interview and questionnaires on students, parents and teachers tostudy and analyze the internal relations am ong parent-child relationship, parent-childcontact  time  and parent-child communication  status. I find that m ost students in Amiddle  school can get along well with their  parents,  while a few ha ve  a intenserelation  between  them.  I analyzed  the pare nt-child  relation ba sed  on 3 grades andseveral families with different educational background, finding that senior 1 studentshave the longest communication tim e and the best communication attitude towardstheir parents while senior 3  student have the shortest  communication time and senior2  students have the worst communication attitud e  because  of  the pressure ofenrolment. There is no distinct differences on communication effect between 3 grades.
　　
　　In the research, I learned that factors including difference cognition between parentsand children, parents' educational level, different parenting styles, conjugal relation,communication time and educational guiding of  school all have remarkable effect onparent-child relation in dual-earners families. Conversely, the relation between parentsand  children also have a rem arkable  effect  on students'  academic  records, theirsocialization  and m ental  health. Faced with these problem s,  I put forwards som emeasures  including solving em otional  conflict  between pare nts  and children,improving communication efficiency, increasing care from schools and communities.
　　
　　Key words: dual career family, parent-child relationship, senior high school students