不道德亲组织行为研究进展(4)
来源:学术堂 作者:朱老师
发布于:2017-04-01 共13761字
4.领导因素
将领导作为前因变量探究对不道德亲组织行为的作用有一个很大的问题就是领导学的范围太广,从最开始的领导特质理论到后来的领导行为理论再到权变理论,以及现在流行的领导魅力理论等,有太多种领导风格和领导方式,很难一一验证。笔者认为可以从影响员工情感和行为的角度出发,不需对具体的领导类型进行研究,而是将领导者的素质、领导者的行为特点、领导者与员工的关系以及领导所处的组织情景结合起来,统一研究和验证,这样可以全面捕捉促使员工从事不道德亲组织行为的前因,而不必拘泥于具体的领导类型。
(三) 不道德亲组织行为的作用结果
不 道 德 亲 组 织 行 为 的 作 用 结 果 方 面 目 前 只 有Umphress 和 Bingham(2011)对不道德亲组织行为的个人后果进行了理论阐述,没有相关的实证研究,且没有探讨组织和社会层面的作用结果。因为不道德亲组织行为对组织的直接作用肯定是有利的,所以在探讨其作用影响时,着重点还是在概念的不道德部分。我们可以参照学者对组织不道德行为的研究思路来检验不道德亲组织行为在组织和社会层面的作用结果。在个人层面,对自己而言,除了认知失调、提升工作满意度等,之后研究还可以检验其对员工的忠诚度、进取心等方面的影响;对第三方而言,根据社会学习理论,可以验证第三方的学习效应和扩散效应。在组织层面,我们可以根据组织不道德行为的结论,探析不道德亲组织行为在组织绩效、消费者购买意愿和组织网络等方面的长期影响。在社会层面,可以从社会文化、经济发展以及社会道德发展等的影响作用展开研究。除此之外,为了降低和抑制不道德亲组织行为的负面影响,未来研究还需重点关注其传播机制,从组织竞争环境、组织社会网络、行为特征、个体特征等方面入手,找出行为传播的关键因素,对症下药,降低其不利影响。
(四)不道德亲组织行为需要创新研究方法
目前不道德亲组织行为主要以传统的计量研究方法为主,存在数据的共同方法偏差问题,数据来源于同一被试 , 所得结论可能存在一定的同源偏差(Effelsberg,2013)。此外,由于不道德亲组织行为本身的特殊性,在作用结果方面,必须从行为本人、第三方、组织数据、消费者以及社会层面等多方进行调查和测量,靠传统的问卷调查获取数据是比较困难且不够准确的,所以未来研究可通过现场试验、仿真建模等研究方法丰富测试途径,找出更加恰当的研究方法。
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