本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】中国现有儿童福利制度构建探析
【引言】我国儿童福利体系优化研究引言
【第一章】儿童和儿童福利
【第二章】我国儿童福利现状梳理
【第三章】当前我国儿童福利方面面临的现实问题
【第四章】我国儿童福利领域问题存在的原因
【第五章】我国儿童福利建设路径选择
【结论/参考文献】中国儿童福利体制发展研究结论与参考文献
摘 要
儿童的利益体现了国家的利益。儿童福利是社会保障体系的重要内容，儿童福利制度建设的完善，关乎社会稳定和发展，同时也体现了社会的文明与进步。
新中国建立 60 多年来，经济高速发展，为我国儿童福利事业奠定了坚实的经济基础。特别是 2010 年国务院办公厅《关于加强孤儿保障工作的意见》的出台，业界学者将这一年，称为“中国儿童福利元年”,我国儿童福利事业迎来了崭新的发展阶段，同时也面临着抉择和挑战。当前，我国正处于社会转型发展的重要历史时期，在此背景下，儿童的问题、家庭的问题日益激化，凸显。而我国现有儿童福利发展还面临着许多问题，存在许多不足，最突出的表现在儿童福利对象还不够广、儿童福利服务内容有待丰富、水平有待提高，普惠性有待增强，我国儿童福利制度亟需进行变革和创新。我国儿童福利应该选择怎样的科学发展之路，是我们迫切需要解决的现实问题。
本文除引言、结语外，共五部分。
第一部分引言，介绍了本文的选题的背景、意义，研究方法，以及国内理论学界关于我国儿童福利的研究现状以及部分国外儿童福利的状况，分析了本文的重点和创新点。
第二部分围绕儿童和儿童福利的内涵进行了阐释。“儿童”是比较特殊的社会群体，具有“基础性”、“发展性”、“未来性”三种社会本质属性。受社会发展因素的影响，特殊的儿童群体越来越被社会所关注，对当今社会儿童分类的阐释说明是儿童福利框架构建的一个重要方面。“儿童福利”部分主要通过社会学界普遍认同的“广义儿童福利”和“狭义儿童福利”概念做进一步阐释，结合前文关于“儿童”特性的分析，概括出当前社会需要的“儿童福利”的真正内涵。
第三部分分别从我国儿童福利法律体系、管理机构、社会保障制度、特殊儿童福利现状四部分对我国儿童福利现状进行系统梳理，力求客观、完整呈现出我国儿童福利制度建设的脉络。
第四部分针对现有儿童福利制度基本现状和当前突出的社会矛盾，通过举例、数据分析，归纳出我国儿童福利领域存在的三方面问题：孤儿基础保障能力不足、其他特殊儿童保障缺口严重、侵犯儿童权利事件频发，这部分作者运用归纳法将儿童侵害事件进行了分类概括，这些问题暴露出我国儿童福利领域的短板，引人深思。
第五部分分析当前儿童福利领域出现这些问题的原因：“儿童利益最大化”理念未得到有效落实，国家主体责任意识不够、法律体系建设不完善、缺乏规范高效的儿童福利行政管理体系、儿童福利保障制度建设不健全、儿童福利服务水平偏低。比照当前我国儿童福利现实领域中的三个问题，结合我国现有的儿童福利现状，逐一提出问题产生的原因，并且对每一条原因都做了具体的分析和例证。
第六部分提出我国儿童福利制度今后的发展建议：首先明确今后我国儿童福利建设发展方向；其次针对第五部分的原因分析逐一提出有针对性的对策，加快儿童福利法制化建设进程，要加快儿童福利立法，建立儿童案件的司法处理机制；建立统一的儿童福利管理行政体系，要形成一体权威的儿童福利行政管理机构和儿童案件司法审理机构，同时要加大财政投入的力度和建立丰富全面的儿童福利信息网络；健全儿童福利保障体系，要健全社会保障制度，建立家庭监督和支持机制、完善儿童安置体系；提升儿童福利服务水平，提升福利机构服务水平，引进社会资源发展儿童福利慈善事业。这些有针对性的对策有针对、有侧重，是实实在在根植于问题分析提出的，为我国今后儿童福利的发展指明了方向。
第七部分结语。从作者自身感受谈起，对论文整体构架进行了简明扼要的概括，再次抛出中心论点，同时对我国儿童福利发展寄予希望。
关键词：儿童福利制度 现状 建设方向
Abstract
The interests of the children reflects the national interest. Child Welfare is animportant part of the social security system. The institutional improvement of ChildWelfare promotes the social stability and development. It is also a symbol of socialcivilization and progress.Since the 60th anniversary of China's founding, the rapiddevelopment of national economy laid a solid foundation of China's Child Welfare.
Especially the year 2010, General Office of the State Council published Opinions onstrengthening Orphan security. The academics referred to as “the First Year of ChildWelfare of China”.The career of Child Welfare ushered in a new stage of development,but also facing choices and challenges. At present, China is experiencing an importanthistorical time of social transformation. In this context, problems of children andfamilies are intensified. The development of Child welfare in China is still facing a lotof problems and insufficient. The most prominent problem is that we need a widerrange of objects, richer and higher-levels of content and an improved universality. TheChild Welfare system is in an urgent need of innovations. What kind of scientific wayof developing China should choose is the real problem which must be solved.
This thesis contains seven parts including introduction and conclusion.
Chapter one is introduction, mainly discuss the background, significance,research methods of selected topic and the research status of China's Child Welfaresituation given by domestic theoretical circles and also some status of foreign ChildWelfare. It also introduces the innovation and the key point of this thesis.
The second chapter explains the connotation of children and Child Welfare.
Children are a special social group. It has the social natures of fundamentality,expansibility and futurity. Special children's group is getting more and moreattentions because of social development. The classification of children in today'ssociety indicates an important part of Child Welfare frame construction. The partChild Welfare will be further discussed in both general and narrow sense. Withcombination of children's characteristics analysis, Chapter two gives the connotationof Child Welfare that really asked by today's society.
Four parts for China's Child Welfare will be systematically discussed in the thirdchapter: law system, management mechanism, social security system, special ChildWelfare situation. It targets to the basic status of system and outstanding phenomenonin current society, aiming to give an objective and integrated structure of ChildWelfare system construction.
By analyzing the basic status of Child Welfare system and social contradictions,Chapter four concludes existing problems of three aspects through illustrating anddata analyzing: insufficient basic secure ability for orphan, a severe shortage forspecial children and frequent occurred violation of children's rights. Especiallygeneralized and analyzed the Child abuse event through the method of induction.
Problems mentioned above showed the weakness of China's Child Welfare, andmaking people think.
Chapter five analyses the reasons for these problems in the field of Child Welfareat present: ineffectively implemented of children benefit maximization concept,insufficient responsibility consciousness of the main body of the country, theimperfect legal system construction, the lack of effective children welfareadministration management system, unsound child welfare security systemconstruction and low level of children welfare service. According to the threeproblems mentioned in Chapter four and the status of China's Child Welfare, thischapter brings up reasons with analysis and illustrations detail by detail.
The sixth chapter puts forward suggestions for further development of ChildWelfare system in China. Firstly, to make clear of the direction for the development ofChild Welfare construction and give targeted countermeasures for chapter five.
Secondly, to accelerate the legal system construction process of Child Welfare, tospeed up the legislation and establish a mechanism for the judicial process. Thirdly, toestablish a unified management system of Child Welfare, authoritative administrationsand judicial review institutions are in desperate need. Meanwhile, government needsto increase financial investment and comprehensive information network. Fourthly,Government needs to perfect the security system of Child Welfare and to improvesound society welfare, and to improve the family supervision, supporting mechanismand the resettlement system. Fifthly, enhance the service level of Child Welfare.
Utilizing social resources develop philanthropy. Those countermeasures are made inview of practically problems, showing the direction of development of children'swelfare in China.
The seventh chapter is conclusion. Combining self experience of author, thischapter will give brief summarize for the structure of this thesis, emphasize the centerargument and at the same time looking forward to the development of child welfare inour country.
Key words: Child Welfare System; Current Situation; Construction Direction
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引言
（一）选题的背景和研究意义
1. 选题背景
2. 选题意义
（二）国内外研究现状
1. 关于儿童福利含义的研究
2. 关于我国儿童福利状况的研究
3. 关于我国儿童福利制度发展思路的研究
4. 关于国外儿童福利制度的研究
5. 文献评述
（三）研究内容和研究方法
1. 研究内容
2. 研究方法
（四）重点、创新点和不足
1. 重点
2. 创新点
3. 不足
一、儿童和儿童福利
（一）儿童
1. 儿童的概念
2. 儿童群体分类
（二）儿童福利
二、我国儿童福利现状梳理
（一）儿童福利立法现状
（二）儿童福利管理机构
（三）儿童福利保障制度
1. 基本生活保障制度
2. 妇幼保健和儿童医疗保障
3. 义务教育保障
（四） 特殊儿童福利现状
1.弃婴救助
2.孤儿救助
3.流浪乞讨儿童救助
4.受艾滋病影响儿童救助
5.打拐解救儿童救助
6.残疾儿童救助
7.其他儿童保障情况
三、当前我国儿童福利领域面临的现实问题
（一）孤儿基础保障能力不足
1. 私自收留儿童问题严重
2. 孤儿保障制度落实难
3. 福利机构儿童回归家庭难
（二）其他特殊儿童保障制度不健全
（三）侵犯儿童权利事件频发
1. 受虐待
2. 被遗弃
3. 受伤害
4. 被剥削
四、我国儿童福利领域问题存在的原因
（一）儿童利益尚未真正实现最大化，国家主体责任意识不够
（二）法律体系建设不完善
1. 系统的儿童福利政策体系尚未形成
2. 司法力量介入不够，缺乏对儿童侵权案件的处理机制
（三）缺乏规范有效的儿童福利行政管理体系
1. 缺乏统一有力的儿童福利管理机构
2. 财政投入不足
3. 儿童福利信息化建设不完善
（四）儿童福利保障体系建设不健全
1. 儿童医疗保障制度不完善
2. 缺乏对家庭的监督和支持
3. 缺乏及时有效的安置处理措施
（五）儿童福利服务水平偏低
1. 公办儿童福利机构建设“短板”突出
2. 社会资源利用率不高，参与度不够
五、我国儿童福利建设路径选择
（一）明确儿童福利机构建设发展方向
1. 确立国家权利主体地位，明确儿童与国家、家庭之间的关系
2. 加强顶层设计，建立全覆盖、综合性的儿童福利体系
（二）加强儿童福利法制化建设
1. 加快儿童福利立法
2. 建立儿童案件司法处理机制
（三）建立统一的儿童福利管理行政体系
1. 建立一体权威的儿童福利行政管理机构
2. 儿童案件司法审理机构建设
3. 加大财政投入力度
4. 加快丰富全面儿童福利信息网络建设
（四）健全儿童福利保障体系
1. 完善社会保障制度
2. 建立家庭监督和支持机制
3. 建立完善儿童安置体系
（五）提升儿童福利服务水平
1. 加快儿童福利基础设施建设，推动儿童福利机构转型发展
2. 引进社会资源，发展儿童福利慈善事业
结论
参考文献
后记
