中文摘要
Abstract
1 引言
1.1 研究的目的意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
1.2.3 综述
1.3 研究方法与技术路线7
1.3.1 研究方法
1.3.2 技术路线
1.4 创新与不足之处
1.4.1 创新之处
1.4.2 不足之处
2 临朐县城关街道办事处农民专业合作社发展状况分析
2.1 城关街道办事处农村经济发展基本情况
2.2 城关街道办事处农民专业合作社发展基本情况
2.3 城关街道办事处农民专业合作社类型与规模分析
2.3.1 城关街道办事处农民专业合作社类型
2.3.2 城关街道办事处农民专业合作社规模
3 城关街道办事处农民专业合作社的成效、问题及其原因分析
3.1 农民专业合作社取得的成绩
3.1.1 农民收入增加
3.1.2 规模化发展
3.1.3 农业产业化步伐加快
3.2 农民专业合作社发展中存在的问题
3.2.1 覆盖面不广
3.2.2 组织化程度不高
3.2.3 资金制约大
3.2.4 内部运作机制不规范
3.2.5 经营管理人才稀缺
3.3 产生问题的原因分析
3.3.1 思想认识不到位
3.3.2 扶持力度不够
3.3.3 宏观环境不宽松
4 国内外发展农民专业合作社的经验借鉴
4.1 国内经验
4.1.1 国内典型地区农民专业合作社的实践
（1）北京市昌平区农民专业合作社
（2）济南市历城区农民专业合作社
4.1.2 经验借鉴
4.2 国外经验
4.2.1 国外典型国家农业合作社的实践
4.2.2 经验借鉴
5 临朐县城关街道办事处农民专业合作社发展的措施
5.1 典型示范引导
5.2 分类指导发展
5.3 完善机制运作
5.4 强化服务推动
5.4.1 强化资金服务
5.4.2 强化税收服务
5.4.3 强化项目政策服务
5.4.4 强化土地政策服务
5.4.5 强化人才政策服务
5.4.6 强化其他政策服务
5.5 避免政府行为的过多干预
5.6 强化合作社意识
5.7 提升科技含量
6 结论
参考文献
致谢
随着我国市场经济的不断发展，农业生产开始发生变化，导致家庭经营模式与社会化市场之间产生矛盾。农民专业合作社等合作组织应运而生。农民专业合作社改变家庭经营模式，与社会化市场发展趋势想顺应。2007 年，我国颁布的《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》奠定农民专业合作社的法律地位，促进农民专业合作社的健康发展。农民专业合作社具有开放、民主、公平的特征，其将零散的农户凝聚在一起，避免两极分化现象，发挥集体的力量，增强农民的市场竞争力。
与国外农业经济发达国家相比，我国农民专业合作社发展起步时间较晚，依然处于发展初始阶段。虽然临朐县城关街道办事处农民专业合作社已经取得一定的成绩，但依然存在较多的问题。扶持与鼓励农民专业合作社发展利于促进当地农业经济发展，有效增加农民收入，本文对城关街道办事处农民专业合作社进行广泛调研，运用问卷调查法、实地考察与访谈法进行系统研究，得到以下结论：
（1） 城关街道办事处坚持走特色农业的农业发展道路，注重特色农产品品牌效应，鼓励合作社发展。至 2013 年底，城关街道办事处已注册 101 家农民专业合作社。根据合作社成立原因可以将其分为政府推动型、经济能人推动型、科技人员领办型、企业带动型、社社联合型。其中经济能力推动型合作社较为普遍，所占比例为 67.9%。经过多年发展，城关街道办事处农民专业合作社基地占地 15 万亩。
（2） 临朐城关街道办事处农民专业合作社发展已取得良好效果：一是农民收入增加。城关街道办事处 97%的合作社社员认为加入合作社后，产品效益增加。二是，规模化发展。合作社将分散的农户集中到一起，实现农业规模化发展。三是农业产业化步伐加快。推动合作社产业化经营发展。
（3） 临朐县城关街道办事处部分农民专业合作社处已经获得良好的发展成果，但多数农民专业合作社仍处于初步发展阶段，不可避免地存在一些问题：一是合作社覆盖面不广。二是缺少内部运作机制。三是组织程度化不高。四是缺乏经营管理人才。五是资金制约。这些问题约束农民专业合作社的进一步发展。造成合作社发展问题出现的原因有：合作社管理人员与社员的思想认识不到位，不能充分了解专业合作社的发展机制与目标。合作社缺乏内部有效运行机制，无法规范合作社的多种活动，导致合作社日常管理活动中存在漏洞。政府过于重视工业产业发展，忽略塑造良好的宏观环境促进合作社发展，没有建立完善的政府扶持机制。政府在农民专业合作社发展过程中发挥着重要的指导作用。缺少政府扶持机制的引导，不利于合作社的进一步发展与壮大。不够宽松的宏观环境约束农民专业合合作社的健康发展。
（5）国内农民专业合作社发展经验借鉴：加强合作社之间的联系，构建农联平台，提高合作社的市场竞争能力，扩大合作社规模；注重发挥政府在合作社发展阶段中的指导作用，为合作社发展提供充足的资金补贴。国外农民专业合作社发展经验借鉴：完善合作社发展的法律条例，尊重合作社的法律地位；建立完善的合作社服务体系，提高农户的科技知识水平；统一合作社管理活动，统一农产品收购等活动，实现合作社社员的共同发展。
（6）加快发展临朐城关街道办事处农民专业合作社应采取以下措施： 一是典型示范引导。二是分类指导发展。城关街道办事处合作社类型比较多，需要根据不同类型的合作社采用有针对性的发展指导策略，切实提高农民专业合作社的经济竞争能力。三是完善机制运作。 四是强化服务推动。包括资金服务、人才培养服务、技术服务、土地政策服务、项目发展服务、税收政策服务及其他政策服务。五是避免政府行为的过多干预。六是强化合作社意识。七是提供科技含量，促进农民专业合作社产业化与集约化发展。
关键词：临朐县城关街道办事处；农民专业合作社；类型；问题；对策
AbstractWith the continuous development of China’s market economy, agricultural productionbegan to change, resulting in the contradiction between family management pattern and socialmarket. Farmers cooperatives and other professional cooperation organization emerge as thetimes require. Professional farmers cooperatives changes the family management pattern, andsocialization to conform to the trend of market development. In 2007, China promulgated the“the people’s Republic of China farmers professional cooperatives law” laid the legal status offarmers' professional cooperatives, promote the healthy development of specialized farmerscooperatives. Farmer professional cooperative has the characteristic of open, democratic, fair,the scattered farmers together, avoid polarization phenomenon, play to collective strength,strengthen the farmer’s market competitiveness.
Compared with of foreign agricultural economy in developed countries, a late start timeof farmer specialized cooperatives in China is still in the initial stage of development.
Although the Linqu county chengguan subdistrict office professional farmers cooperativehave made certain achievements, but still exist many problems. Support and encourage thedevelopment of farmer’s professional cooperative to promote local agricultural economicdevelopment, increase farmer income effectively, this paper carried out extensive research onchengguan subdistrict office professional farmers cooperatives, using the method ofquestionnaire investigation, on-the-spot investigation and interview method to conduct thesystem research, obtained the following conclusions:
(1) The chengguan subdistrict offices adhere to the agricultural development road ofagricultural walking characteristics, pay attention to the characteristics of agriculturalproducts brand effect, to encourage the development of cooperatives. By the end of 2013,chengguan subdistrict office has registered 101 farmer specialized cooperatives. According tothe cooperative establishment reason can be divided into the government driven, economichotshots driven, leading, scientific and technical personnel, business driven agency joint type.
The economic ability and promote the cooperative is more common, accounting for 67%.
After years of development, chengguan subdistrict office professional farmers cooperative base covers an area of 150,000 acres.
(2) With the economic development, the city streets farmers' professional cooperatives toobtain the good development opportunity. Promote chengguan street area scale andindustrialization development of agricultural economy, increasing farmers' income, maintainthe economic interests of farmers in the market environment.
(3) Linqu county chengguan street partly on the farmers' professional co-operatives havegood development, has stepped into a steady development stage. But most of the farmers'
professional co-operatives is still at the preliminary stage of development, developmentproblems inevitably. Problems include, coverage is not wide, cooperative organization degreeis not high, the lack of management talent, capital constraints, etc. These problemsconstrained the further development of farmers' professional co-operatives.
(4) In linqu county chengguan street farmers' professional co-operatives problemsin-depth analysis and research, found the cause of problem are: the cooperative managementstaff and members of ideological understanding does not reach the designated position, cannot fully understand the development mechanism of professional cooperatives and the target.
Lack of internal effective cooperative running mechanism, is unable to specification of avariety of activities. Government attaching too much importance to industrial development,ignoring shaping good macro environment promotes the development of cooperatives, there isno established mechanism of government support.
(5) The domestic development of farmers' professional co-operatives provide experiencefor the development of city streets cooperatives are: strengthen the cooperative relationshipbetween, build the agriculture platform, improve the cooperative ability of marketcompetition, expand the scale of the cooperative; Pay attention to play to the guiding role ofgovernment in the cooperative development stage, provide sufficient funds for thedevelopment of cooperatives.
(6) Foreign farmers' professional co-operatives development provide experience for thedevelopment of city streets cooperatives are: we should improve the legal regulations forcooperative development, respect the legal status of the cooperative; Cooperative servicesystem should be established in order to improve the level of science and technologyknowledge of farmers; Unified cooperative management activities and the acquisition of agricultural products, realize the common development of the cooperative.
(7) The development of farmers' professional co-operatives, the hard to avoid can havesome problems. How to use corresponding resolution strategy aiming at the problem, andpromote the healthy development of farmers' professional co-operatives. This study from thetypical demonstration guide, classification guidance development, improve the operationmechanism, strengthening service, avoid too much government behavior intervention,strengthening the cooperative consciousness, promote scientific and technological content inseven aspects, aimed at promoting the development of linqu county farmers' professionalco-operatives.
Keywords: Chengguan Street gency of Linqu County ; Specialized Farmers’
Cooperatives ; Genre; countermeasure
