摘要
近年来，我国大力发展职业教育，而中职学校的在校生和毕业生也达到了前所未有的规模，中职学生的就业形势也日渐严峻。另外，国内外的经济形势也影响着我国的整体就业形势，整体就业形势也直接影响着中职学生的就业。我国庞大的劳动力市场导致了较大的劳动力过剩和失业的压力，而国内经济结构调整也带来了用人需求的变化，企业对初级技能劳动者的需求有所减少；世界经济增长速度减缓以及各国为维护竞争优势而采取的贸易保护措施，使得我国外向型出口企业发展困难，对我国外部经济拉动就业产生不利影响，也使得企业吸纳就业能力下降。另一方面，大学生们的就业期望值在不断降低，特别是具备相对较高知识水平和一定动手能力的高职毕业生，对中职学生的冲击更大。中职学生就业压力大、就业质量不高的问题，归根结底是我国劳动力市场供大于求的局面造成的，但笔者认为中职学生主观上不恰当的择业归因、不明确的职业生涯目标和不良的择业心态也严重地影响着中职学生的顺利就业。因此，研究中职学生的就业意向，对帮助他们树立正确的就业观，促其顺利就业，具有非常重要的意义。
本研究对烟台市部分中职学生进行了问卷调查，并将调查结果进行统计分析，指出当前中职学生就业意向的问题主要表现在：具备了较高的就业准备意识，但缺乏系统的职业生涯规划；盲目苛求专业对口，与社会现实产生矛盾；就业定位不够准确，就业期望值相对过高；求职途径趋向多元化，但依赖心理较强；就业价值取向功利化，忽略国家和社会的需求。分析认为社会环境、学校的人才培养模式及就业指导情况、家长的价值观及意志、学生的个性及自身素质都是中职学生就业意向的重要因素。针对中职学生就业意向存在的问题及成因，本研究提出了改进中职学生就业意向的对策和建议：一是学校层面，要发挥学校的主导作用，进行人才培养模式的改革，提升学生就业实力；加强职业道德的培养，树立学生服务意识；加强学生就业指导，做好职业生涯规划。二是学生层面，要突出学生主体地位，学生要提高自身在综合素质，调整就业期望值，保持健康的就业心理。三是政府层面，要营造促进就业的社会环境，政府要加强政策保障，形成正确的社会舆论导向。四是要形成家庭教育合力，家庭应协助学校做好学生的观念引导，在孩子的就业路上给予情感和资金支持。
关键词：中职学生，就业意向，就业指导
Abstract
In recent years, vigorously develop vocational education, and vocational schoolstudents and graduates have reached an unprecedented scale, vocational student’semployment situation has become more severe. In addition, domestic and internationaleconomic situation also affects the country's overall employment situation; the overallemployment situation has a direct impact on employment vocational students. China'shuge labor market has led to greater pressure surplus labor and unemployment, anddomestic economic restructuring has also brought changes in labor demand, businessdemand for skilled workers has decreased primary; the slowdown in world economicgrowth and national trade protection measures taken to maintain a competitiveadvantage, making difficult the development of export-oriented enterprises, forstimulating employment of external economy adversely affected, but also allowscompanies the ability to absorb employment decreased. On the other hand, collegestudents employment expectations continue to lower, especially vocational graduateshave a relatively high level of knowledge and a certain ability, the greater the impacton the vocational students. Vocational students employment pressure, the quality ofemployment is not high, the final analysis of the labor market caused by oversupply,but I believe that vocational students on careers subjective inappropriate attribution, noclear career goals and bad careers attitude is also seriously affecting the smoothemployment vocational students. Therefore, employment intentions vocational studiesstudents’， helping them to establish a correct concept of employment, and promote itssuccessful employment, has a very important significance.
This study was part of Yantai City vocational school students conducted a survey,and the survey results were analyzed, noted that the current employment intentionsvocational students questions mainly: with a ready sense of high employment, but lackof systematic career plan; Blind demanding professional counterparts, and socialreality conflict; employment positioning is not accurate enough, relatively highemployment expectations; job search diversify, but a strong psychological dependence;employment utilitarian value orientation, ignoring the needs of the state and society.
Analysis of the important factors of social environment, school personnel trainingmode and career guidance, the values and the will of the parents, the student'spersonality and their own quality of vocational students are considered employmentintentions. Reasons for the problem and vocational students employment intentionsexist, this study presents strategies and recommendations for improving vocationalstudents employment intentions: First, the school level, to play a leading role in schoolreform training model, improve students' employment strength ; strengthen ethicstraining, establish a sense of student services; enhance students' career guidance, careerplanning. Second, the student level, to highlight the status of the student body, studentsshould improve their comprehensive quality; adjust employment expectations,maintaining a healthy employment psychology. Third, the government level, topromote employment and create a social environment, the government shouldstrengthen policy support, to form the correct orientation of public opinion. The fourthis to force the formation of family education; the concept of family should do to assistschools to guide students in the child's job to give way to emotional and financialsupport.
Key Words:Vocational students, Employment intentions, Career Guidance
目录
摘要
Abstract
目录
第一章 绪论
一、研究背景
二、相关概念的界定
（一）中等职业学校
（二）就业
（三）意向
（四）就业意向
三、文献综述
（一）国外研究综述
（二）国内研究综述
四、研究意义
（一）理论意义
（二）实践意义
五、研究方法
（一）文献分析法
（二）调查研究法
第二章 中职学生就业意向现状调查结果与分析
一、中职学生就业准备现状
（一）从何时开始考虑就业
（二）对就业前景所持的态度
（三）正在进行的就业准备
二、中职学生就业意愿现状
（一）从事专业不对口工作的意愿
（二）对就业单位性质的期望
（三）对从事的工作岗位的意愿
（四）就业渠道的意愿
三、中职学生就业价值观现状
（一）对就业薪酬的期望
（二）对就业地域的期望
（三）求职最优先考虑的因素
第三章 中职学生就业意向存在的问题及原因分析
一、存在的问题
（一）具备较高的就业准备意识，但缺乏系统的职业生涯规划
（二）盲目苛求专业对口，与社会现实产生矛盾
（三）就业定位不够准确，就业期望值相对过高
（四）求职途径趋向多元化，但依赖心理仍较强
（五）就业价值取向功利化，忽略国家和社会的需求
二、原因分析
（一）社会环境影响着中职学生的就业意向
（二）学校的人才培养模式影响着中职学生的就业意向
（三）学校就业指导的不完善影响着中职学生的就业意向
（四）家长的价值观及意志影响着中职学生的就业意向
（五）中职学生的个性及心理缺陷影响着其就业意向
（六）中职学生的自身素质影响着其就业意向
第四章 改进中职学生就业意向的对策
一、发挥学校主导作用
（一）改革人才培养模式，提升学生就业实力
（二）加强职业道德培养，树立学生服务意识
（三）加强学生就业指导，做好职业生涯规划
二、突出学生主体地位
（一）正确地进行自我评价，提高自身综合素质
（二）树立科学的就业观，合理调整就业期望值
（三）树立良好的自信心，保持健康的就业心理
三、营造促进就业的社会环境
（一）政府加强政策保障
（二）形成正确的社会舆论导向
四、形成家校教育合力
（一）家庭应协助学校做好学生的观念引导
（二）家庭应在孩子就业路上给予情感支持
（三）家庭应在孩子就业路上给予资金支持
参考文献
