摘 要
众所周知，中国社会自古以来就是一个受传统“家本位”文化影响严重的社会，这种“家本位”文化着重表现在家庭的代际关系上。费孝通先生常说，中国人是心中有祖宗、有子孙而把自己作为上下相连的环节来看的。上一代以“不孝有三，无后为大”为训，而下一代则以“光宗耀祖”为奋斗目标。在当今社会，虽然家庭支持依然是养老的主流方式，但传统的“抚育-赡养”模式的平衡已被打破，代际支持行为出现了普遍的失衡现象。
针对此问题，笔者以中国家庭中的代际关系为研究主体，通过文献资料回顾法和比较资料研究法对近年来关于代际支持和代际关系的研究进行了细致的梳理。通过比较传统“反馈”模式下的代际关系与现代社会的代际关系的不同，明确代际关系变迁的特点，理清当前社会代际支持的现状，总结出了代际支持失衡的具体表现与城乡、区域之间的差异比较。
本文以文化论为基础视角，分析了以家为本位的中国传统文化在代际支持中的重要影响和主要作用。同时，结合互助理论、权力与协商理论和合作群体理论等相关社会学理论，对代际支持失衡这一问题产生的原因进行了深入的分析，找出产生这一问题的根本性因素。最后，针对于代际支持失衡的原因从观念维度、政策维度和养老模式维度切入，提出了解决问题的对策与建议。
关键词：“家本位”文化，代际支持，家庭养老
Abstract
As is known to all, China society since ancient times is a “standard” traditionalculture affected society, this kind of “home” culture focuses on performance ofinter-generational relations in the family. Fei xiaotong is often said that the Chineseare fathers, sons and his heart as connected to link up and down. A generation with“unfilial three ways” for training, and the next generation in order to “uphold the” asthe goal. In today's society, although the family support way still is the mainstream ofthe pension, but the traditional pattern of “cradle - to support” balance has beenbroken, intergenerational support behavior in the general imbalance.
Aiming at this problem, the author of intergenerational relationship in Chinesefamily as a research subject, through the method of literature review and comparativeresearch method to study of intergenerational support and inter-generational relationsin recent years has carried on the detailed combing. By comparing the traditional“feedback” mode of inter-generational relations, unlike the inter-generational relationsof modern society, clear characteristics of inter-generational relations change, sortingout the present situation of the current social intergenerational support, summarizesthe manifestation of intergenerational support imbalance between urban and rural,regional differences in comparison.
In this paper, on the basis of multiculturalism perspective, analyzes the home asthe standard of Chinese traditional culture in the important influence and the mainfunction of intergenerational support. At the same time, combining the theory ofmutual aid, power and negotiate cooperation theory and group theory and relevanttheory of sociology, imbalance of intergenerational support the cause of the problemcarried on the thorough analysis, find out this problem of fundamental factors. Finally,in view of the intergenerational support the cause of the imbalance from the conceptof dimension, and pension policy dimension pattern dimension, puts forward thecountermeasures and Suggestions to solve the problem.
Key words: family culture,Intergenerational support,The family pension
目 录
第一章 导 言
1.1 选题的背景与问题的提出
1.2 文献综述
1.3 研究的目的与意义
1.4 研究方法
1.5 概念界定
第二章 代际支持的现状
2.1 传统“反馈”模式下的代际关系
2.2 现代代际关系的变迁
第三章 代际支持失衡的具体表现
3.1 代际支持的倾斜方向
3.2 代际支持失衡的差异比较
第四章 代际支持失衡的原因
4.1 家庭权力结构的第二次变迁
4.2“孝文化”的流失
4.3 家庭合作社模式的影响
4.4 小结
第五章 对策与建议
5.1 观念转变：驻守“孝文化”的根基
5.2 政策转变：代际支持外的养老政策
5.3 模式转变：居家养老转向社区养老
参考文献
致 谢
