摘 要
会计舞弊已经存在于资本市场多年,成为我们每年老生常谈的话题,但却有着常谈常新的特征,会计舞弊作为资本市场的顽疾影响我国经济的健康发展。会计舞弊往往直接导致公司股票价格异常波动,造成投资者的巨额损失,同时阻碍公司的可持续经营与发展,使公司面临退市的风险,甚至还阻碍证券市场健康发展、影响资源有效配置、降低证券市场公信力等等,业内人士不断对会计舞弊问题产生深刻反思,分析会计舞弊产生的动因、主要的手段和带来的危害,如何有效地防范会计舞弊是资本市场亟需解决的现实问题。
本文首先介绍了研究背景及意义;其次介绍了会计舞弊相关理论,除舞弊三角理论外,更是运用了西方经济学中的有限理性理论和委托代理理论,以人为本,分析了企业所有权和经营权相分离的前提下产生会计舞弊的原因。内部控制理论则从企业内部控制入手,阐述了薄弱的控制环境不利于产生高质量的会计信息;第三章对 SY 公司现状进行描述,包括企业的简介、经营成果和公司内部控制情况与治理机构,对SY公司的会计舞弊手段进行分析,揭示SY公司通过虚减存货的方式虚增利润、利用虚构购销合同的方法虚构应收票据进行贴现、通过关联方交易进行应付票据的银行承兑、一次性将应该递延确认的政府补助计入当期营业外收入、不合理的研发支出费用进行资本化计入当期在建工程以获取国家对高新技术产业税收上的优惠与支持、在没有专门借款合同的情况下将一般借款按照专门借款核算,其借款费用全部予以资本化,主观上故意延后资本化终止确认时点,延长资本化区间等舞弊行为。在此基础上对 SY 公司会计舞弊的动因从持续经营压力、管理层业绩考核压力、内部控制形同虚设、会计师事务所缺乏独立性等四个方面进行分析,并后续跟踪了会计舞弊案件对企业造成的危害,用事实证明舞弊行为严重损害企业公信力;最后,针对该公司存在的具体会计舞弊问题,结合对 2014年证监会统计出的我国上市公司会计舞弊情况的分析,提出从加强企业内部控制、完善公司治理结构、建立完善的管理层激励机制、加大对舞弊行为的处罚力度、定期更换会计师事务所和加强员工研发能力等六个方面建议,有效地防范和治理会计舞弊。
关键词:会计信息失真;关联交易;风险因子
Abstract
Accounting Fraud already exists in the capital market for many years, hasbecome our annual common theme, but it has often talk about new features often,fraud seriously hamper China's economic development. Accounting fraud is often adirect result of abnormal fluctuations in stock prices, resulting in huge losses forinvestors, while preventing the company's sustainable management .The industrycontinues to have a profound reflection of accounting fraud problem, analyze motivesaccounting fraud occurred mainly means and harm, how to effectively preventaccounting fraud is a real problem in the capital markets should be solved.
This article introduces the theory of accounting fraud, fraud triangle theorypressure from accounting fraud, motivation and excuse three aspects of the fraudmotivation. Bounded rationality theory and principal-agent theory is based onpeople-oriented, it analyzes the causes under the premise of enterprise ownership andmanagement separation of accounting fraud. Internal control of accountinginformation from the theory of internal control, elaborates a weak controlenvironment is not conducive to producing high quality.The third chapter describesthe current situation SY companies, including corporate profiles, results of operationsand of internal control and governance institutions, and then to SY's accounting fraudmeans, revealing SY company stock through false by way of inflated profits, use offictitious purchase and sale contract method of fictitious discounted notes receivable,notes payable were related party transactions by bank acceptance, it will be a one-timerecognition of deferred government grant recognized in current operating income,unreasonable R & D expenses capitalized , included in the current construction inorder to obtain state benefits and support for high-tech industry tax on the loancontract in the absence of special circumstances in accordance with the generalborrowing special loan accounting, borrowing costs are capitalized on the subjectiveintent delay Capitalised derecognition point in time, to extend the range of capital andother.hen the SM company's accounting fraud from continuing operations Motivationpressure, pressure management performance evaluation, internal controluseless and analyzed four accounting firm to act, etc., and followed up on the cases ofcorporate accounting fraud harm caused by its serious It undermines the credibility ofthe enterprise; and finally, for the company's specific accounting fraud problem exists,combined with analysis of the 2014 statistics of the Commission of China's listedcompanies' financial fraud case, made from strengthening internal controls, improvethe corporate governance structure, establish a sound management incentivemechanism and increase the penalties for fraud and periodic replacement ofaccounting firms and other six recommendations to effectively prevent and deal withaccounting fraud.
Keywords: Accounting information distortion ;Related party transactions;Risk factor
目 录
摘要
ABSTRACT
第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 研究内容及方法
1.2.1 研究内容
1.2.2 研究方法
1.3 国内外研究现状
1.3.1 国外研究现状
1.3.2 国内研究现状
第 2 章 会计舞弊的相关理论
2.1 会计舞弊的界定
2.2 舞弊三角理论
2.3 有限理性理论
2.4 委托代理理论
2.5 内部控制理论
第 3 章 SY 公司会计舞弊案例的描述
3.1 SY 公司会计舞弊回顾
3.1.1 SY 公司简介
3.1.2 SY 公司经营成果
3.1.3 SY 公司内部控制概况
3.1.4 SY 公司舞弊情况
3.2 SY 公司会计舞弊手段分析
3.2.1 虚减原材料成本
3.2.2 未披露关联方应付票据
3.2.3 通过政府补助操纵利润
3.2.4 研发支出项目造假
3.2.5 应收票据贴现舞弊
3.2.6 借款费用资本化舞弊
3.3 SY 公司会计舞弊动因分析
3.3.1 企业持续经营压力
3.3.2.管理层职位晋升及业绩考核压力
3.3.3 内部控制形同虚设
3.3.4 会计师事务所缺乏独立性
3.4 会计舞弊事件对 SY 公司的影响
3.4.1.股票价格波动
3.4.2 企业融资信用危机
3.4.3 企业公信力丧失
第 4 章 SY 公司案例对防范会计舞弊的启示
4.1 加强企业内部控制
4.1.1 组建内部审计部门
4.1.2 不相容岗位职责相分离
4.1.3 加强部门间内部监督
4.2 完善公司治理结构
4.3 设计管理层激励制度
4.3.1 虚拟岗位股票
4.3.2 采用以专业能力为导向的激励措施
4.4 加大对舞弊的处罚力度
4.5 定期更换会计师事务所
4.6 加强员工研发能力
4.6.1 更改员工招聘方式
4.6.2 注重技术型人才的培养
参考文献
后记