结论
采用纳米材料构建传感界面，是当前电化学传感领域的研究热点之一。纳米材料具有优良的导电性、良好的电催化性能、大的比表面积、较强的吸附能力等优点，当用于修饰电极时，能够很好地改善电极界面性能。本论文制备了几种新型纳米材料，并构建电化学传感器，主要包括以下几个部分：
1、以电化学还原氧化石墨烯的方法制备石墨烯（RGO），构建镉离子电化学传感器。
石墨烯大的比表面积、良好的导电性、较强的吸附能力以及电催化性能明显提高了镉离子的响应电流信号，显着地改善了电极的分析性能。该传感器制备方法简便快速，能够反复多次使用，并且可以应用于实际样品测定。
2、采用葡萄糖作为还原剂与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为稳定剂，制备一种新型绿色金纳米颗粒（AuNP），构建无酶的过氧化氢（H2O2）电化学传感器，该传感器具有灵敏度高，选择性好，线性范围宽，检测限低等优点。
3、选用电化学还原氧化石墨烯法制备石墨烯，运用氧化亚铜纳米球为牺牲模板快速合成硫化铜空心球（CuSHNs），基于石墨烯和硫化铜空心球纳米复合材料构建无酶的过氧化氢电化学传感器。由于石墨烯具有大的比表面积、良好的导电性等优点，且能够与硫化铜空心球产生良好的协同作用，显着提高了传感器对过氧化氢的电催化活性。所研制的传感器具有制作方法简单、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强等优点，为石墨烯复合材料制备传感器提供了一种新的方法。
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致谢
时光荏苒，岁月如梭。在湘潭大学研究生学习即将结束了，回首三年前，我带着对知识的渴求踏入了三道拱门，成为了一名湘大学子，转眼间我们就要毕业了，三年的研究生学习使我成长了很多，学到了不少知识。
值此论文完成之际，首先将最诚挚的敬意和由衷的谢意送给我的指导老师王穗萍副教授。从论文的选题、实验方案的拟定、实验数据的分析到论文的修改，无不凝聚着王老师的心血与汗水。近三年来，王老师不仅在学业上对我精心指导，同时还在思想、生活上给予我无微不至的关怀。王老师严谨的治学态度，渊博的专业知识，高尚的道德品格，精益求精的科研精神，使我获益匪浅，在此祝愿王老师及家人身体健康、工作顺利！
特别感谢中南大学化学化工学院的阳明辉教授在学业与论文修改上给予的帮助！感谢彭任富师兄和李亚飞师弟在读研期间给予的帮助！还要感谢曾经在学业和生活中帮助过我的老师和同学！
衷心地感谢一直关心与支持我学业的家人和亲友！你们的关爱永远是我前进的动力！特别感谢含辛茹苦抚养我长大的父母，在我漫长的求学路上，给予我精神上和物质上支持和鼓励。你们的爱使我克服重重困难，顺利完成学业。
最后，向参加论文答辩、评阅和对论文提出宝贵意见的所有专家、学者表示最衷心的感谢！
