中文摘要
饮用水水源保护已经成为全球共同关注的课题，国内外很多学者从城市饮用水水源地安全状况评价、饮用水水源保护区划分、水源地保护现状、问题及对策，水源地保护立法经验等不同角度对其进行了深入研究。当前国际上，对水源地的保护工作也越来越重视，联合国教科文组织已经将水源地保护相关课题列入国际水文计划第六阶段重点关注。柳河县作为吉林省新兴的地区经济中心，农业和相应的农产品加工业发展迅速，工业园区和民营经济发展较快，对城市基础设施的要求也越来越高。目前供需水处于基本平衡状态。但随着经济发展、人民生活水平的不断提高及柳河县经济开发区的大规模建设，水资源短缺、水体污染、水质恶化问题使柳河经济可持续发展面临三大“水”瓶颈，给人民群众身体健康和生产生活造成严重影响。因此，本文以新建的水源地大迫子水库为研究对象，沿着“收集基础资料-分析国内外研究现在-水源地水质现状评价-开展供用水现状调查-开展污染源调查-合理划分保护区-提出水源地保护对策”的路线进行研究。
根据大迫子水质测站监测值及单指标评价表结果显示，大迫子水质类别全年为Ⅲ类，超标项目为高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮，超标率均为 8.3%.根据供用水调查数据显示，城区 2020 年、2030 年缺水分别为 695.9×104m3和 1008×104m3,安口镇 2020 年、2030 年缺水分别为 142.4×104m3和219.0×104m3.根据污染源调查结果显示，大迫子水库饮用水水源地流域污染源主要是分散式农村生活污染源污染、农田径流污染、分散式畜禽养殖污染、其他污染四大类。
在对水源地水质现状评价、供用水现状调查及污染源调查的基础上，采用类比经验法合理划分大迫子水库一级保护区、二级保护区、准保护区。柳河县大迫子水库一级保护区面积 8.82Km2,占流域面积（338Km2）的 2.6%.二级保护区面积 53.83Km2,占流域面积（338Km2）的 15.9%.准保护区面积为 275.35Km2,占流域面积（338Km2）的 81.5%.
最后，依据《饮用水水源保护区污染防治管理规定》、《吉林省城镇饮用水水源保护条例》，从立法保护、政策措施、综合防治、加强监管、完善监测五个方面就加强水源地污染防治和保护提几点建议，为柳河县有关部门加强水源地监管、保证水源地水质安全提供参考依据。
关键词：大迫子水库，饮用水水源地，保护区划分，保护对策
Abstract
Drinking water sources protection has become a common concern of the world'stopic, many scholars at home and abroad from the city water source of drinking watersafety evaluation, the division of drinking water sources protection zones for watersource protection present situation, problems and countermeasures, and water sourceprotection legislation experience and so on different angles on the in-depth research.
Work on current international, the protection of water source is becoming more andmore attention, the United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organizationhas reduced the water source protection related topics included in the internationalhydrological phase 6 focus on. Liuhe as jilin province new regional economic center,agriculture and agricultural product processing industry has developed rapidly,industrial parks and the rapid development of private economy, more and more is alsohigh to the requirement of urban infrastructure.The current supply and demand ofwater in the basic balance state. But with the constant improvement of the economicdevelopment, people's living standard and the liuhe county economic developmentzone of large-scale construction, water resources shortage, water pollution, waterquality deterioration ha yu economic sustainable development faces three bigbottleneck, “water” to people's health and production life impact.As a result, in thispaper, a new water source of large forced child reservoir as the research object, the“basic information collection, analysis of domestic and foreign research now,evaluation of water quality status of status quo survey carried out for the water -source survey, reasonable division of reserve, put forward countermeasures for watersource protection” route for research.
According to the forced child station monitoring water quality value and singleindex evaluation results show that the forced child categories for Ⅲ throughout theyear, water quality standard project for the permanganate index and chemical oxygendemand （cod）， 5 biochemical oxygen demand （cod）， ammonia nitrogen, which is8.3%.According to survey data show that water supply and consumption, urban watershortage, respectively in 2020 and 2030, 695.9×104m3,1008×104m3and Ann countyin 2020 and 2030 water were 142.4 × 104m3and219.0 × 104m3.According to thepollution source survey, forced child reservoir water source of drinking waterpollution wource sources pollution is mainly distributed in rural life, farmland runoffpollution, decentralized four categories of livestock and poultry breeding pollutionand other pollution.
On evaluation, present situation of water quality for water status quo andpollution source survey, on the basis of the experience analogy method is adoptedreasonable division of forced child reservoir level reserve, secondary reserves andprospective reserves.Liuhe forced child reservoir level reserve covers an area of 8.82Km2, accounting for 2.6% of the catchment area （338 Km2）。 The secondary reservecovers an area of 53.83 Km2, accounting for 15.9% of the catchment area （338 Km2）。Prospective reserve covers an area of 275.35 Km2, accounting for 81.5% of thecatchment area （338 Km2）。
Finally, according to the regulation on administration of prevention and controlof pollution of drinking water sources reserve, the jilin province urban drinking watersources protection ordinance, from the legislation protection, policy measures,comprehensive control, strengthening the supervision, perfecting the monitoring fiveaspects give me some Suggestions on strengthening prevention and control of waterpollution and protection, for the liuhe county departments concerned shall strengthenthe supervision of water source and ensure the safety of water quality to provide thereference basis.
Key words:
Dapaizi reservoir,drinking water source ,Protection Zone Partition ,ProtectionCountermeasure
目 录
第一章 绪论
1.1 选题背景和研究意义
1.2 水源保护区国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 研究内容
1.4 研究方法与技术路线
第二章 研究区概况
2.1 自然环境及地质概况
2.1.1 自然环境概况
2.1.2 流域简况
2.1.3 区域地质概况
2.1.4 水库区工程地质条件
2.2 工程概况
2.3 社会经济概况
2.3.1 柳河县行政区划与人口
2.3.2 柳河县区域社会经济状况
2.3.3 安口镇行政区划与人口
2.3.4 安口镇区域社会经济状况
2.4 河流及水资源情况
第三章 供用水现状调查和饮用水水源地污染源调查
3.1 供用水现状调查
3.1.1 调查方法
3.1.2 结果与讨论
3.2 饮用水水源地污染源调查
3.2.1 调查方法
3.2.2 结果与讨论
3.3 小结
第四章 水源地水质现状评价
4.1 水质评价方法
4.1.1 水质监测站分布
4.1.2 水质监测数据采集
4.1.3 评价方法
4.2 结果与讨论
4.2.1 水质评价结果与分析
4.2.2 水质富营养化评价结果与分析
4.3 小结
第五章 饮用水水源保护区划分及保护对策
5.1 水源地划分与核定方法
5.1.1 水源保护区划分依据
5.1.2 水源保护区划分一般技术原则
5.1.3 水源保护区划分与核定
5.2 水源地划分结果与讨论
5.2.1 一级保护区
5.2.2 一级保护区
5.2.3 准保护区
5.3 水源地保护对策的原则和构建方法
5.3.1 水源地保护总体思路
5.3.2 水源地保护原则
5.3.3 水源地保护管理规定
5.4 水源地保护对策分析
5.4.1 建立和完善饮用水水源地保护法规体系
5.4.2 政策措施
5.4.3 综合防治
5.4.4 提升监管
5.4.5 完善监测
5.5 小结
第六章 结论及建议
6.1 结论
6.2 建议
参考文献
致谢
