肉苁蓉食疗药用相关古代文献研究(4)
时间:2017-06-03 来源:中国药学杂志 作者:彭芳,徐荣,徐常青,齐 本文字数:14082字
5 总结与展望
肉苁蓉是我国西北干旱地区特有的沙生濒危药材,在西北地区具有重要的经济价值和生态价值。从 1977 年到 2005年,荒漠肉苁蓉一直是《中国药典》中药材肉苁蓉的唯一正品来源。国内外市场的巨大需求导致野生肉苁蓉资源濒临枯竭,2001 年,野生荒漠肉苁蓉被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录Ⅱ[64],禁止采挖、销售和国际间贸易。国13 000 万亩的种植和野生保护规模。1988 年在内蒙古阿拉善盟荒漠肉苁蓉引种栽培试验首次成功[65],如今其种植面积已超过 120 万亩。经过十多年探索,目前我国适宜种植肉苁蓉的西北干旱地区已建成了以内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、甘肃和青海为主的多个肉苁蓉种植基地。有研究报道[66],肉苁蓉栽培品与野生品的主要苯乙醇苷类成分含量无显着性差异,且栽培品的个体差异明显小于野生品。因此,来源稳定的栽培荒漠肉苁蓉原料为其相关保健品和食品的开发奠定了良好物质基础。
中药肉苁蓉在临床上常用于治疗肾阳不足、肠燥便秘和老年性痴呆等,从已有的研究报道中未发现有明显的不良反应,安全性良好。研究人员对肉苁蓉粉[67]、肉苁蓉茶[68]和肉苁蓉颗粒[69]的急性、亚慢性和遗传毒性进行评价研究,认为肉苁蓉为实际无毒物,临床应用安全可靠。同时,人工种植荒漠肉苁蓉的醇提物未见任何急性毒性,且具有缓解运动疲劳的作用[70].以肉苁蓉提取物为主要成分的保健食品能显着提升老年人的生活质量,达到缓解疲劳,提高免疫力和改善心血管功能的作用[71].肉苁蓉虽久服轻身,但是胃弱便溏和相火旺的人需慎用,以免加重病情。肉苁蓉的食疗历史可追溯自南北朝《本草经集注》,如今在西北地区羊肉苁蓉羹依然是一道着名的滋补类药膳。由肉苁蓉制成的茶和酒在中国、日本和东南亚保健品市场上广受欢迎。肉苁蓉在我国应用历史悠久,安全无毒,在增强体力、抗疲劳和延缓衰老等保健品开发上前景广阔。
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彭芳,徐荣,徐常青,齐云,石钺,叶祖光,陈君. 肉苁蓉药用及其食疗历史考证[J]. 中国药学杂志,2017,(05):377-383.
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