摘 要
绿道作为景观要素中的廊道，不仅对于连接城市绿地有重要作用，还具有提高城市物种多样性、维持生态平衡的作用。通过研究郑州市绿道植物物种多样性，一方面可以为绿道景观多样性的研究提供基础，另一方面可以为了解城市植物及引种植物的构成提供参考。本文对郑州市竣工的绿道进行了植物特征、观赏特性分析，对具有代表性的绿道进行了植物物种多样性研究，期望发现绿道植物应用的特点，为以后绿道的建造提供参考。
研究结果表明：
1、郑州市绿道共有植物 61 科 121 属 229 种，其中裸子植物 4 科 8 属 16 种，被子植物 57 科 113 属 213 种，被子植物有较大的优势。郑州市绿道植物分别占郑州市园林植物科、属、种的 54.46%、35.69%、36.76%.乡土植物有 170 种，引种植物有 59 种，引种的植物多是观花及观叶植物。从科的组成分析来看，蔷薇科、木犀科、禾本科、豆科这 4 科所占比重较大，占郑州市绿道种数的 37.12%.
2、调查所得郑州市绿道共有观花、观叶、观果植物 118 种，占总种数的 51.53%.其中观花类植物 82 种，占种数的 35.81%;观叶类植物 50 种，占种数的 21.83%;观果类植物 25 种，占种数的 10.92%.观花、观叶、观果的乔木 63 种，占乔木种数的 61.76%;观花、观叶、观果的灌木有 55 种，占灌木种数的 70.51%,观赏性植物较丰富。观花类植物中粉--红色系较多，其它色系较少，观花期大多集中在春夏两季，秋季较少，冬季只有一种。
3、调查的样方中有植物 211 种，其中乔木 93 种，灌木 73 种，草本 41 种，藤本 4种，隶属于 57 科 114 属。在群落外貌上，郑州市绿道常绿木本植物与落叶木本植物比为 0.42,郑州市绿化中常绿木本植物与落叶木本植物比为 0.33,相对郑州市绿化来说，绿道常绿植物较少，季相变化较为明显。
4、从物种应用频度来看，应用频度在前 10 的植物主要是观赏性植物和常绿植物。乔木层出现频度最高的植物是大叶女贞，灌木层出现频度最高的植物是石楠。从物种重要值分析来看，重要值在前 10 的乔木和灌木具有观赏性强，适应能力强的特点。对各绿道植物重要值在 9%以上的植物进行分析，发现大部分绿道以不同的观赏性植物为主，部分绿道观赏植物所占重要值较低，群落景观单一。
5、样方种总的乔木层物种丰富度指数、Simpson 多样性指数和 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数大于灌木层，均匀度指数乔木层略大于灌木层。
6、样方中各绿道物种丰富度指数表现为乔木层>灌木层，Simpson 多样性指数及Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数波动较大，大部分绿道都表现为乔木层多样性指数>灌木层，均匀度指数波动的趋势与多样性指数较为相似。与其它绿道相比，嵩山路、大学南路、南三环（二七区）绿道具有较高的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度，刁沟生态廊道物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度较低。
关键词：绿道，观赏特性，物种多样性，园林，郑州市
ABSTRACT
Greenway as corridor in the landscape elements, not only play an important role of connecting theurban green space , but also has to improve urban species diversity and maintain the ecologicalbalance.Through the study of the greenway plant species diversity in Zhengzhou, on the one hand, it canprovide the basis for the study of the greenway landscape diversity, on the other hand, it can providereference for know introduction plant and the urban plants configuration . In this paper, analyzed the plantcharacteristics and ornamental characteristics of built-up greenway in Zhengzhou, researched the plantspecies diversity of representative greenways , in order to find the characteristics of greenway plants, toprovide the basis for the construction of the greenway.
Research results show that:
1、There are 229 species plants belonging to 121 genera and 61 families of greenway in Zhengzhou,which gymnosperm has 16 species belonging to 8 genera, 4 families and angiosperm has 213 speciesbelonging to 113 genera, 57 families, the angiosperm has greater advantage. The greenway plantsaccounted for the garden plant families, genera and species of 54.46%, 35.69% and 36.76% in theZhengzhou. Native plants have 170 species, introduced plants have 59 kinds, introduction of plant is moreflowers and foliage plants. From the point of family composition analysis, Rosaceae, Oleaceae, Gramineae,Leguminosae this 4 families proportion is greatly, this families accounting for 37.12% of Zhengzhougreenway species.
2、After investigation proceeds, greenway of Zhengzhou has ornamental leaves plants, ornamentalflowers plants and ornamental fruit plants 118 species, accounting for 51.53% of the total of the species.
Among them, there were 82 species of ornamental flower plants, accounting for 35.81% of the species;Ornamental leaves plants have 50 species, accounting for 21.83% of the species; Ornamental fruit plantshave 25 species, accounting for 10.92% of the species. Ornamental leaves trees, ornamental flowers treesand ornamental fruit trees have 63 species, accounting for 61.76% of the species of trees; Ornamentalleaves shrubs, ornamental flowers shrubs and ornamental fruit shrubs have 55 species, accounting for70.51% of the species of shrubs, ornamental plants is relatively rich. Ornamental flowers plants in pink-redseries more, other color is less, flowering mostly concentrated in the spring and summer, less in autumn,winter is only one species.
3、The investigation of the quadrat have 211 kinds of plants, including 93 species of trees,73 species ofshrubs,41species of herb,4 species of kenji, which belong to 114 generaand 57 families. On thephysiognomy, evergreen woody plants and deciduous woody plants ratio 0.42 of Zhengzhou greenway,evergreen woody plants and deciduous woody plants ratio 0.33 of Zhengzhou greening, relative toZhengzhou greening, greenway evergreen is less, and the aspectl change is more obvious.
4、From the point of species application frequency, frequency application in the first 10 plants mainlyincludes ornamental plants and evergreen plants. The highest frequency plant of the tree layer is GlossyPrivet, the highest frequency plant of the shrub layer is Photinia. From the species important valueanalyzing, trees layer and shrubs layer important value in the top 10 plant are ornamental strong, highlyadapt. Importance values of all greenway plants in more than 9% were analyzed, found the most of thegreenway is given priority to different ornamental plants, part of the greenway ornamental plants ofimportant value is low, it to bring a single community landscape.
5、The tree layer in the quadrat of the total species richness index, Simpson diversity index andShannon-Wiener diversity index is higher than the shrub layer, the evenness index tree layer evennessslightly larger than the shrub layer.
6、The each greenway of quadrat of species richness index showed tree layer > shrub layer, Simpsondiversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index fluctuations lager, most greenway of diversity indexshowed tree layer > shrub layer, the trend of evenness index fluctuation and diversity index is moreconsistent. Compared with other greenway, songshan road, university of south road, south third ring road（erqi district） has high species richness, diversity and evenness, diaogou ecological corridors speciesrichness, diversity and evenness is low.
KEY WORDS: Greenway, Ornamental characteristic, Species diversity, Landscape, Zhengzhou City
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
目 录
第一章 绪论
1.1 选题的背景
1.2 研究目的与意义
1.3 研究内容
第二章 绿道植物多样性概述
2.1 绿道的概述
2.1.1 绿道的定义
2.1.2 绿道的分类
2.1.3 绿道的功能
2.2 生物多样性概述
2.2.1 遗传多样性
2.2.2 物种多样性
2.2.3 生态系统多样性
2.2.4 景观多样性
2.3 研究进展
2.3.1 绿道
2.3.2 绿道植物多样性
第三章 研究地点与研究方法
3.1 研究区概况
3.1.1 地理位置
3.1.2 气候
3.1.3 土壤
3.1.4 植物资源
3.1.5 绿道现状
3.2 研究区域与方法
3.2.1 调查区域
3.2.2 调查方法
3.2.3 调查内容
3.2.4 数据处理
第四章 结果与分析
4.1 郑州市绿道建成区域植物特征
4.1.1 郑州市绿道引种植物分析
4.1.2 郑州市绿道植物组成分析
4.1.3 郑州市绿道植物生活型统计
4.1.4 郑州绿道植物科的多样性分析
4.1.5 郑州市绿道植物属的多样性分析
4.1.6 绿道植物类型组成
4.2 郑州市绿道建成区域绿道植物观赏特性
4.2.1 春季景观植物
4.2.2 夏季景观植物
4.2.3 秋季景观植物
4.2.4 冬季景观植物
4.3 样地物种多样性分析
4.3.1 绿道植物资源研究
4.3.2 绿道植物物种多样性分析
4.3.3 郑州市不同绿道植物物种多样性分析
第五章 结论与讨论
5.1 结论
5.1.1 郑州市绿道建成区域植物组成分析
5.1.2 调查样地物种多样性分析
5.2 建议
参考文献
致 谢
