摘 要
2012 年度，引起人们关注和热议的事件就是对《民事诉讼法》的修改，此次修改增加了诚实信用原则、公益诉讼、第三人撤销之诉和民事恶意诉讼等一些新规定。其中最引人注目的则是对民事恶意诉讼的规定，近些年来，随着民事恶意诉讼的频繁发生，严重损害了当事人的合法权益以及国家司法权威，因此，有必要对它进行法律规制。在我国，民事恶意诉讼的频发，与我国相关的法律制度不健全，社会公众诚信的缺失，以及司法人员的腐败等众多因素密不可分。本文认为，只有通过不断完善相关的法律制度，例如，建立赔偿制度、增设刑法罪名、建立第三人权利救济程序等，并逐步建立全社会的诚信体系，才能使民事恶意诉讼得到有效的规制。
本文分四部分，第一部分是对民事恶意诉讼的概述，通过司法实践中的案例引出民事恶意诉讼的概念，然后进一步分析民事恶意诉讼的构成要件，阐述中、外法律对民事恶意诉讼的规定，并将民事恶意诉讼与虚假诉讼、诉讼欺诈、滥用诉权等相关概念进行比较；第二部分从法律制度和社会因素两方面出发对民事恶意诉讼的产生原因进行了分析；第三部分是从实体法上对民事恶意诉讼进行规制，例如，通过构成特殊侵权责任，建立相应的赔偿制度，是否将其入刑等；第四部分是从程序法上对民事恶意诉讼进行规制，例如，通过规范诉讼行为，完善案外第三人利益保护度和完善诉讼监督机制。
关键词：恶意诉讼；实体法规制；程序法规制
Abstract
The 2012 year, people pay more attention and hot debate event is the “CivilProcedure Law” amendment, the amendment increased the honest credit principle,public interest litigation, withdraw of the third person and the malicious civil actionand some new rules. One of the most attract sb.'s attention is specified, the maliciouscivil prosecutions in recent years, with the frequent occurrence of the malicious civilprosecution, serious damage to the legitimate interests of the parties and the nationaljudicial authority, therefore, it is necessary to make legal regulation on it. In ourcountry, the frequent occurrence of the malicious civil prosecution, the relevant legalsystem and our country is not perfect, the lack of social public integrity, cause andjudicial corruption and many other social factors. This paper argues that, only byconstantly improve the legal system, related for example, establishment of acompensation system, additional criminal charges, the establishment of third peoplethe right to relief program, and gradually establish a credit system of the wholesociety, can the malicious civil action to get effective regulation.
This paper is divided into four parts, the first part is an overview of the maliciouscivil action, through the concept of the case in the judicial practice leads to themalicious civil prosecution, then further analysis the malicious civil action elements,described in and outside the legal provisions of the malicious civil action, and thecomparison of civil malicious litigation and false litigation, litigation fraud and theabuse of litigious right and other related concepts; the second part from the twoaspects of the legal system and social factors of the causes of the malicious civilaction are analyzed; the third part is from the substantive law of the malicious civilaction in the regulation, for example, by constituting a special tort liability, theestablishment of the corresponding compensation system, whether will it into thepunishment the fourth part is from the procedural law; on the malicious civil action toregulate, for example, Through the standard procedure behavior, improve the thirdperson of benefit protection degree and improve the litigation supervisionmechanism.
Keywords: malicious litigation; Substantive law regulation;The regulation of procedure law
目 录
摘 要 ……I
Abstract……II
目 录 …… III
引 言 …… 1
第 1 章 民事恶意诉讼的概述…… 2
1.1 民事恶意诉讼的概念 …… 2
1.2 民事恶意诉讼的构成要件 …… 4
1.3 中外法律对民事恶意诉讼的规定 …… 6
1.3.1 我国法律有关民事恶意诉讼的规定 …… 6
1.3.2 外国法律关于民事恶意诉讼的规定 …… 7
1.4 民事恶意诉讼与相关概念的比较 …… 8
1.4.1 民事恶意诉讼与虚假诉讼 …… 8
1.4.2 滥用诉权与民事恶意诉讼 …… 9
1.4.3 民事恶意诉讼与诉讼欺诈 …… 10
第 2 章 民事恶意诉讼的成因分析……11
2.1 法律制度方面 ……11
2.1.1 实体法律不完善 ……11
2.1.2 诉讼程序制度的缺陷 …… 12
2.2 社会因素 …… 14
2.2.1 社会公众诚信的缺失 …… 14
2.2.2 司法腐败 …… 15
第 3 章 民事恶意诉讼的实体法规制…… 16
3.1 民事恶意诉讼实体法规制的必要性 …… 16
3.1.1 民事恶意诉讼的概念不明确 …… 16
3.1.2 民事恶意诉讼行为人赔偿责任不明确 …… 16
3.1.3 缺乏刑法的保障 …… 17
3.2 民事恶意诉讼实体法规制的具体措施 …… 17
3.2.1.制定民事恶意诉讼侵害赔偿责任 …… 18
3.2.2 民事恶意诉讼的赔偿范围要广，行为人应承担相对较重的赔偿责任 …… 18
3.2.3 增设恶意诉讼罪，强化刑事制裁的威慑作用 …… 19
第 4 章 民事恶意诉讼的程序法规制…… 21
4.1 民事恶意诉讼程序法规制的必要性 …… 21
4.1.1 开庭审理前的准备程序不完善 …… 21
4.1.2 案外人利益保护制度不完善 …… 22
4.1.3 没有有效的监督机制 …… 22
4.2 民事恶意诉讼程序法规制的具体措施 …… 23
4.2.1 规范民事诉讼行为 …… 23
4.2.2 完善证据规则和证据证明标准 …… 24
4.2.3 完善案外第三人利益保护制度 …… 26
4.2.4 完善诉讼监督机制 …… 27
结 语 …… 30
致 谢 …… 31
参考文献 …… 32
