气候和土壤养分对优势木本植物叶N、P含量的影响
来源:植物生态学报 作者:李家湘;徐文婷;熊高明
发布于:2017-06-26 共13820字
摘 要 探索植物器官中氮(N)、磷(P)含量沿环境梯度的分异规律, 有助于揭示陆地生态系统物质循环和植物养分适应策略的过程和机制。该文采用分层随机抽样法, 在中国南方12个省市区布设462个灌丛样点, 对其中193种优势木本植物叶N、P含量进行调查取样。结果表明: 1)南方灌丛优势木本植物叶的N、P含量几何均值分别为16.57 mg·g–1和1.02 mg·g–1; 其中, 落叶木本植物(17.91 mg·g–1、1.14 mg·g–1)显着高于常绿木本植物(15.19 mg·g–1、0.89 mg·g–1); 叶P含量较N含量具有更大的变异性和环境依赖性。2)随年平均气温(MAT)的升高, 常绿木本植物叶N、P含量降低, 落叶木本植物叶N、P含量呈逐渐增加的趋势;随年降水量(MAP)的增加, 常绿木本植物叶N含量降低, 落叶木本植物叶N含量增加, 两者P含量下降。3)土壤N含量的增加对两者叶的N含量无显着影响; 但随土壤P含量的增加, 常绿和落叶木本植物叶P含量均显着增加。4)广义线性回归显示, 植物生活型分别可解释叶N、P变异的7.6%和14.4%, MAP和土壤P含量分别解释了0.8%和16.4%的叶P变异。结果表明, 中国南方灌丛中优势植物叶的N含量主要受不同生活型植物生长需求所决定, 而P含量则受气候、土壤和植物生活型共同决定。
关键词 热带亚热带; 植物功能性状; 植物生活型; 生态化学计量。
Abstract Aims Understanding the changes in N and P concentration in plant organs along the environmental gradients canprovide meaningful information to reveal the underline mechanisms for the geochemical cycles and adaptationstrategies of plants to the changing environment. In this paper, we aimed to answer: (1) How did the N and P con-centration in leaves of evergreen and deciduous woody plants change along the environmental gradients (2) Whatwere the main factors regulating the N and P concentration in leaves of woody plants in the shrublands acrosssouthern China Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, we sampled 193 dominant woody plants in 462 sites of 12provinces in southern China. Leaf samples of dominant woody plants, including 91 evergreen and 102 deciduousshrubs, and soil samples at each site were collected. N and P concentration of the leaves and soils were measuredafter lapping and sieving. Kruskal-Wallis and Nemenyi tests were applied to quantify the difference among theorgans and life-forms. For each life-form, the binary linear regression was used to estimate the relationships be-tween leaf log [N] and log [P] concentration and mean annual air temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation(MAP) and log soil total [N], [P]. The effects of climate, soil and plant life-form on leaf chemical traits weremodeled through the general linear models (GLMs) and F-tests.Important findings 1) The geometric means of leaf N and P concentrations of the dominant woody plants were16.57 mg·g–1and 1.02 mg·g–1, respectively. The N and P concentration in leaves (17.91 mg·g–1, 1.14 mg·g–1) ofdeciduous woody plants was higher than those of evergreen woody plants (15.19 mg·g–1, 0.89 mg·g–1)。 The de-pendent of leaf P concentration on environmental (climate and soil) appeared more variable than N concentration.2) Leaf N and P in evergreen woody plants decreased with MAT and but increased with MAP, whereas those indeciduous woody plants showed opposite trends. With increase in MAP, leaf P concentration decreased for bothevergreen and deciduous woody plants. 3) Soil N concentration had no significant effect on both evergreen anddeciduous woody plants. However, leaf P concentration of the tow increased significantly with soil P concentra-tion. (4) GLMs showed that plant growth form explained 7.6% and 14.4% of variation in leaf N and P, respec-tively. MAP and soil P concentration contributed 0.8% and 16.4% of the variation in leaf P, respectively. Theseresults suggested that leaf N was mainly influenced by plant growth form, while leaf P concentration was drivenby soil, plant life-form, and climate at our study sites.
Key words tropical and subtropical region; plant functional traits; life form; ecological .
氮(N)和磷(P)是植物生命活动所需的大量元素,其含量大小系植物的主要功能性状, 在生态系统功能和动态中起关键作用(Koerselman & Meuleman,1996; Reich, 2005)。为了最大化地满足生长, 植物通过平衡限制性资源的分配, 在气候、土壤养分等改变时调整分配策略以适应环境限制(Reich &Oleksyn, 2004), 因此, 气候、土壤成为影响植物营养器官N、P含量的主要环境因子。研究发现叶片N、P含量与气候和土壤的关系因各区域限制性因子的差异而不同(Reich & Oleksyn, 2004; Han et al.,2005; Kerkhoff et al., 2005; He et al., 2008; 丁凡等,2011; 王晶苑等, 2011; Sardans & Pe?uelas, 2013;Hong et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2014); 同时, 相同功能型植物往往趋于分享一套关键的植物功能性状来实现对环境的趋同适应和对生态系统的相似作用(Díaz & Cabido, 2001)。因此, 探索不同功能型植物器官中N、P含量沿环境梯度的分异规律, 有助于揭示陆地生态系统物质循环和植物养分适应策略的过程和机制(Aerts & Chapin, 2000; 曾德慧和陈广生, 2005; 刘超等, 2012)。
灌丛作为一种重要的自然植被类型, 不同于森林的主要特点是以灌木生活型植物为优势成分, 具有类型多样、分布广泛、生产力高、萌生能力强等特点, 其分布面积约占中国国土面积的20%, 约占中国亚热带国土面积的25% (中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2007), 是陆地生态系统养分循环的重要场所(胡会峰等, 2006; Piao et al., 2009)。截至目前, 关于植物养分循环的研究多聚焦于森林或草地(张丽霞, 2003; He et al., 2006, 2008; 任书杰等,2007; 甘露等 , 2008; 丁凡等 , 2011; 林志斌等 ,2011; Chen et al., 2013; Cornelissen et al., 2014;Hong et al., 2014; Nottingham et al., 2015; Pan et al.,2015; Petter et al., 2016), 发现不同功能型植物叶N、P含量差异显着, 且落叶木本植物叶的N、P含量显着高于常绿木本植物。尽管植物在灌丛中的生长环境和地位与森林或草地截然不同, 但关于灌丛中植物器官N、P格局却较少受到重视, 且相关研究多在北方(韩文轩等, 2009; Yang et al., 2014; 李单凤等,2015); 再者, 众多研究在区域和全球尺度阐释了叶N、P的地理变异机制(Elser et al., 2007), 但大部分研究并没有检验不同功能型植物叶N、P对环境因子的响应规律(Chen et al., 2013)。因此, 在较大范围内研究灌丛生态系统不同生活型优势植物N、P含量及其与环境因子的关系, 有助于深入了解植物N、P养分循环和植物养分适应策略的过程和机制。
我国南方地处热带亚热带地区, 与北方灌丛(Yang et al., 2014)不同的是, 南方灌丛的优势层片主要由常绿和落叶木本组成, 是研究不同生活型木本植物叶N、P含量及其对气候和土壤养分响应的最适合对象。本研究采用统一的方法调查了中国南方灌丛462个样点共193种优势木本植物叶的N、P含量, 比较了常绿和落叶木本植物叶的N、P含量差异,分析各自与气候和土壤养分之间的关系, 旨在揭示灌丛优势木本植物叶N、P含量的主要决定因子。拟回答的科学问题有: (1)常绿和落叶木本植物叶N、P的含量沿环境梯度是怎样变化的?(2)决定中国南方灌丛中木本植物叶N、P含量的主要因子是什么?
原文出处:李家湘,徐文婷,熊高明,王杨,赵常明,卢志军,李跃林,谢宗强. 中国南方灌丛优势木本植物叶的氮、磷含量及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报,2017,(01):31-42.
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