植物化感作用的最新研究进展(3)
来源:学术堂 作者:朱老师
发布于:2017-04-05 共19379字
5展望
尽管人们很早就注意到植物之间的化感作用,但是直到最近几十年才真正重视化感作用的研究。而化感物质对植物种子萌发的影响作为本领域的重要方面, 近年来取得了一些重要的进展。在已有研究的基础上, 特提出以下重点研究方向及建议。
首先, 在自然界中, 化感物质一般是溶于雨水后进入环境, 进而影响植物种子萌发和植物生长。
然而, 在目前的很多研究中, 常使用甲醇、乙酸乙酯以及丙酮等有机溶剂提取植物组织内的化感物质,这种提取方法虽然可以将化感物质提取出来, 但是这样也会把植物内部的非化感物质提取出来, 而且提取浓度与自然界中也会有差异。这也是为什么有些试验表明某些植物具有化感作用, 但是在自然界中化感作用不是很明显, 其中一个原因就是提取液中有很多物质不是化感物质。因此, 在之后的试验中, 提取化感物质尽量以水为介质, 模拟自然界中1解释化感现象。
其次, 化感物质可以通过 4 种方式进入环境,除了自然挥发之外, 其余 3 种途径释放的化感物质都会随着雨水进入土壤, 然后作用于临近植物。化感物质进入土壤以后, 在土壤微生物以及土壤介质的作用下, 会发生一些改变, 同时, 化感物质也会影响土壤微生物的群体结构以及土壤环境。不同的化感物质进入土壤以后会发生怎样的变化以及不同的化感物质会影响哪些特异的微生物的群体结构?深入研究这些科学问题对于理解连作障碍以及化感抑草作用具有重要的理论与实际意义。
再次, 已有研究表明, ABA、GA、ETH 等激素以及 ROS 在种子萌发过程中具有重要的调节作用,而化感物质能干扰种子萌发过程中激素以及 ROS 的平衡, 从而影响种子萌发。因此, 深入探讨化感物质干扰激素和 ROS 的分子机理, 以及在这个过程中ROS 如何参与到激素的调节通路中, 将是非常有意义的。
最后, 现在化感作用研究多集中在理论研究阶段, 如何将化感作用研究成果应用于实践, 是目前亟待解决的问题之一。我们现在已经知道很多植物具有化感作用, 但是能应用到实际生产中的成果很少。因此, 要进一步思考如何在现有研究成果的基础上, 探讨合理的农作物间套作搭配方式, 开发新型绿色除草剂, 使化感作用真正促进农业的发展。
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