孢子固定化酶技术的生物学原理及实例分析(5)

　　在研究酵母孢子固定化酶的同时，我们发现： 由于壳聚糖具有吸附性的特点，作为壳聚糖球的 dit1Δ孢子可以吸附金属离子和负电性化合物。例如，本研究室张海妮[11]将二酪氨酸层缺失的 dit1Δ 孢子用作壳聚糖球，用来吸附 Cu2 +,并与孢子壁完整的野生型和同时缺失二酪氨酸层和壳聚糖层的 chs3Δ 孢子进行比较。结果显示，作为壳聚糖球的 dit1Δ 孢子，吸附 Cu2 +能力最强； 其次是孢子壁完整的野生型； 而缺失了二酪氨酸层和壳聚糖层的 chs3Δ 孢子吸附 Cu2 +能力最弱。之后，又对孢子吸附 Cr3 +、Ni2 +、Zn2 +、Cd2 +、Pb2 +等离子的能力进行了研究。同样，作为壳聚糖球的 dit1Δ 孢子，对各种离子的吸附量是所有细胞类型中最高的，而营养细胞是最低的； 即便是缺失了最外 2 层的 chs3Δ 孢子，其吸附量也是营养细胞的2 倍多。由此说明，缺失了二酪氨酸层的 dit1Δ 孢子作为壳聚糖球用于重金属离子的吸附是最佳选择。同时，由于壳聚糖带正电，又对作为壳聚糖球的 dit1Δ孢子吸附带有负电荷的牛磺胆酸能力进行研究。与吸附金属离子结果相似，dit1Δ 孢子吸附牛黄胆酸能力优于野生型孢子和 chs3Δ 孢子。上述两个实验说明 dit1Δ 孢子作为壳聚糖球对重金属及某些负电荷分子的吸附是可行的。该研究将酿酒酵母孢子的应用从固定化酶领域进一步拓展到了环保领域，为酿酒酵母孢子的应用开拓了道路。
　　
　　综上所述，除了对孢子吸附能力的研究外，本实验室对于酵母孢子固定化酶的研究是酵母孢子应用研究的重点。随着微胶囊固定化酶技术的发展，酿酒酵母孢子固定化酶作为微胶囊固定化酶技术的新成员，以其独特的优点首次展现在大家面前： 固定化酶的组装“自然”完成，具有天然抗逆性，大小均一，可重复使用，绿色环保，“一孢多酶体系”已经初步建立，等等。基于以上优点及研究结果，相信，酵母孢子固定化酶将会为酶的微胶囊固定化增光添彩！
　　
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