本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】职业性别刻板印象的干预研究
【第一章】从业性别刻板印象控制探析引言
【第二章】刻板印象相关文献综述
【第三章 第四章】观点采择对外显职业性别刻板印象的影响
【第五章】观点采择对内隐职业性别刻板印象的影响
【第六章】刻板印象运用观点采择的作用
【结论/参考文献】如何改变职业中的性别刻板印象结论与参考文献
摘 要
刻板印象一直以来都是社会心理学研究的热题。围绕着刻板印象，研究者们展开了对种族、容貌、地域、职业、性别等多领域的研究，证实了刻板印象的普遍存在性。而对刻板印象是否可以被控制和改变还存在争议，对如何有效影响刻板印象的手段研究较少。本研究试图以观点采择为干预手段，探讨观点采择策略是否能够有效影响职业性别刻板印象。
本研究包括了两个部分：
研究一从外显层面上探讨了观点采择策略对职业性别刻板印象的影响。通过预实验收集的更适合男性和更适合女性的职业词编制了职业态度调查问卷，比较被试在观点采择策略（要求被试想象并记录自己作为一名女性 IT 精英或男性幼儿园老师的代表性一天）下，他们的外显刻板偏见得分是否会有所降低。得出了以下结论：
（1）大学生被试在外显层面上，普遍存在着职业性别刻板印象。
（2）观点采择策略在有效发生时，能够显着降低外显职业性别刻板印象，但如何有效引导，还需要进一步改进。
（3）在外显态度上，存在性别差异，即女性被试的职业性别刻板印象要显着低于男性被试，女性被试表现出一定的反刻板印象趋势。
研究二从内隐层面上探讨了观点采择策略对职业性别刻板印象的影响。本研究以内隐联想测验为实验范式，比较被试在改进过后的观点采择策略（想象并记录自己作为一名女性 IT 精英或男性幼儿园老师受到他人非议时，要如何辩驳）下，被试的内隐效应是否会有显着的降低。得出了以下结论：
（1）在内隐层面上，职业性别刻板印象是显着存在的。
（2）以反驳为主的观点采择策略比想象代表性一天的观点采择策略，更能激发被试对目标角色的积极评价；观点采择策略虽然不能彻底消除内隐职业性别刻板印象，但却可以有效降低内隐职业性别刻板印象的影响。
（3）性别差异对内隐职业性别刻板印象影响不显着，无论是男性被试还是女性被试都存在较强的刻板印象。
（4）问卷调查和内隐联想测验结果的低相关性，表明二者测量的是职业性别刻板印象外显和内隐两个不同层面。
关键词：观点采择 职业性别刻板印象 内隐联想测验（IAT） 灵活编码模型混合模型
ABSTRACT
Stereotype has always been the hot study of social psychology, researchers havelaunched the race, looks, region, occupation, gender and other areas of research around thestereotype, which confirms the stereotype is widespreading, but how to control and changeit is still controversial, and it's less to study the means of how to effectively influence thestereotype. So this study attempted interventions perspective taking and to explore if theperspective taking strategy is able to effectively influence the occupation-sex stereotype.
The study included two parts:
The first section research on perspective-taking strategy influences the explicitoccupation-sex stereotypes. Through preliminary experiment to collect more suitable formen and women's vocational words to the preparation of a professional attitudequestionnaire, and compare if the perspective-taking strategy （the students were asked toimagine and record a typical day of their own as a female IT elite and a male kindergartenteacher） will reduce the explicit stereotype's score. Reached the following conclusions:
（1）The explicit occupation-sex stereotype is prevalent among the undergraduates.
（2）When perspective-taking strategy effectively occurs, the explicit occupation-sexstereotype is weakened remarkably, but how to improve the guidance of the strategy is aproblem.
（3）There are sexual differences on the explicit attitude , that is the female'soccupation-sex stereotype is significantly less than the male's, female subjects demonstratea certain anti-stereotype trend.
The second section research on perspective-taking strategy influences the implicitoccupation-sex stereotypes. This study makes an implicit association test comparing if theimproved perspective-taking strategy will significant reduce the implicit stereotype.
Reached the following conclusions:
（1）The implicit occupation-sex stereotype is significant existed.
（2） The perspective-taking to refute is better than to imagine a typical day of the targetrole, it can stimulate the subjects make more positive evaluation on the target role; theperspective-taking can't completely eliminate the implicit occupation-sex stereotype, but itcan make the influence of the implicit occupation-sex stereotype much weaker.
（3）Sexual differences have less influence on the implicit occupation-sex stereotype,no matter the male or the female; they all have the strong stereotype.
（4）The low correlation of the questionnaire and the implicit association test showsthat the two instruments have measured the explicit and implicit different levels ofoccupation-sex stereotype.
Key words: Perspective-taking; Occupation-sex stereotype; Implicit associationtest（IAT）； Encoding flexibility mode; Blended models
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
1 引言
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
2 文献综述
2.1 刻板印象的概念及其相关研究
2.2 刻板印象的测量方法
2.3 刻板印象心理表征
2.4 刻板印象的信息加工机制
2.5 刻板印象的影响因素
3 问题提出
4 实验一：观点采择对外显职业性别刻板印象的影响
4.1 引言
4.2 预备实验
4.3 正式实验
4.4 讨论
4.5 结论
5 实验二：观点采择对内隐职业性别刻板印象的影响
5.1 引言
5.2 实验方法
5.3 结果与分析
5.4 讨论
5.5 结论
6 总讨论
6.1 刻板印象信息加工机制的探讨
6.2 刻板印象心理表征的探讨
6.3 观点采择影响作用的分析
7 总结论
致 谢
参考文献
